4. Metabolism Slide. Where does the bacteriophage obtain the energy to sustain l
ID: 189210 • Letter: 4
Question
4. Metabolism Slide. Where does the bacteriophage obtain the energy to sustain life? What type of energy is required for new bacteriophages to be assembled? Would you consider a bacteriophage to be a producer, consumer or decomposer? Explain your selection. SLIDE 5. Responsiveness Slide. What are some of the differences between how a bacteriophage responses in a host environment and in outside environment (e.g. water, food) SLIDE 6. Evolution Slide. Are there any adaptations bacteriophages have evolved that improve their likelihood for survivalExplanation / Answer
4.
Bacteriophages are obligate parasites that obtain their energy from the host cells. i.e, bacteria.
They are intracellular parasites and sequester host cell machinery and energy for its survival and reproduction.
Energy is required in the form of ATP, amino acids for capsid synthesis, nucleotides for genome synthesis.
Hence bacteriophage is a parasitic consumer.
5.
When the host cell is healthy and growing well, the bacteriophage enters lysogenic phase and remains dormant. It gets multiplied along with the host cell genome.
When conditions become unfavorable, it gets excised from the host genome, multiplies its own genome and proteins to assemble new virions. This ultimately results in the host cell lysis.
6.
Yes.
Bacteriophages exhibit diverse adaptations.
1. They produce certain proteins to evade host cell immune response.
2. Their replication/repair/excision pathway is error-prone. This provides a chance for production of the diverse mutagenic population which can evolve drug resistance.
3. They have evolved efficient proteins which can sequester host cell machinery for their own needs.
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