T-Mobile LTE * 77%- 10:11 AM instructure-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com 10 MORAINE VAL
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T-Mobile LTE * 77%- 10:11 AM instructure-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com 10 MORAINE VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIOLOGY 112 STUDY GUIDE OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES After completing this unit, the student should be able toc I. Principles of Evolution (Chapter 15 1. Define and give an example of the following terms: b, variation c. evolution 2. Describe how Darwin's and Wallace's background helped them develop their theories of evolution by natural selection 3. Explain the Sour postulaies that produce evolution by natural selection and illustrale with an example. 4 Explain how the theoey of evolution is supported by a. fossils . Compare homolegous, analogous, and vestigial structures, discuss with an example which types can be used to show evolutionary relationships. 6 Explain how humam activity and climate change (global warming) is influencing evolution. Provide an example of each. How Populations Evolve (Chapter 16) 7· Define and give an example of the following terms: a. gene pool b. allele d. adaptation c. fitness allele frequency mutation. &. Explain the Hardy-Weinberg principle, discussing the conditions that must be present for a population to be in equilibrium. 9. Given the Hardy-Weinberg equations andor square, calculate the percent of phenotypes and genoty pes in a popalation 10. Explain how mutatiens can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a natural population. 11. Explain how gene now and genetic drift can cause evolution changes in a population and illustrate with an example. 12. Describe the connection between genetic diversity, shrinking gene pools and extinctionExplanation / Answer
1. a. The entire total set of observations from which a statistical sample is drawn is defined as Population. For example, if we are studying the height of adult men, the population is the set of weights of all the men in the world.
b. The way to show how data is dispersed is termed as variance. It is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. It calculates how far a set of random numbers are spread out from their average value.
Eg. A random sample of 10 pupils reported sleeping 7, 6, 8, 4, 2, 7, 6, 7, 6, 5 hours, respectively.
Sample mean=(7+6+8+4+2+7+6+7+6+5)/10= 58/10= 5.8
Take your set of original numbers from the question, and square them individually and find out the sum:
49+36+64+16+4+49+36+49+36+25=364
Subtract the sample mean from sum,
364-5.8=358.2
Subtract 1 from the number of items in your data set:
10-1 = 9
Divide the number previous step with 9. This gives you the variance:
358.2 / 9 = 39.8
c) The change produced over time is termed as Evolution. It represents the process of growth and development from past organisms. Eg. different developed type of beaks are found all over the finches on the Galapagos Islands. Previously, the finches had large beaks for cracking large nuts.
2.During an eight-year expedition to the Dutch East Indies now called as modern-day Indonesia, Wallace developed some of his most important ideas about natural selection He also observed wildlife and collect specimens.
100,000 insects, bird and animal specimens were collected by Alfred Russel Wallace which he gave to British museums. In 1835 a trip to the Galapagos islands helped Darwin formulate his ideas on natural selection. He found several species of finch adapted to different environmental niches. Darwin was helped by Wallace by supplying with birds for his studies.
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