262 CHAPTER S0/ Drugs for Eye and Ear Disorders MAKING CONNECTIONS 38. Cholinerg
ID: 184465 • Letter: 2
Question
262 CHAPTER S0/ Drugs for Eye and Ear Disorders MAKING CONNECTIONS 38. Cholinergic agonists exert an effect in the body through which type of receptor? a. Nicotinic b. Muscarinic c. Dopaminergic d. Serotonergic 39. Beta blockers are examples of which class of antidysrhythmic drogs? a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV 40. What is one important respiratory offect of beta blockers? b. Bronchodilation c. Increased release of surfactant 41. What is the most serious adverse effect of taking potassium-sparing diuretics and salt substitutes at the same time a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypokalemia e. Edema d. Dehydration 42. In addition to glaucoma, the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drug group is also prescribed for which of the following? a. Seizures b. Coagulation disorders c. Psoriasis d. Malaria CALCULATIONS 43. The patient has an order for acetazolamide (Diamox) 250 mg PO tid. What is the total amount of Diamox the patient will receive in 24 hours? 44. The patient has acute glaucoma. Pilocarpine HC1 (Isopto Carpine) has been ordered I drop every 5 minutes for 6 doses. Would the nurse question this order? Why or why not? Adams/Holland, Staudent Workbook and Resource Guide for Pharmacology for Nurses 5th Editioa © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc.Explanation / Answer
38. Option A. Cholinergic agonists are a class of drugs which mimic the activity of Acetylcholine by binding to the acetylcholine receptors. There are two types of acetylcholine receptors: Muscarinic receptors, which are present in the cell membrane of neurons and Nicotinic recptors which are present in the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle, and many other tissues. Since, the question asks about the effects of cholinergic agonists in the body NOT just the brain, therefore option A is correct.
39. Option B. Beta-blockers are classified under Class II antidysrhythmic drugs.
40. Option A. Major respiratory side effect of beta-blockers is Bronchospasm as they block the beta[2]-adrenergic receptor which is also present on the cells of respiartory tract.
41. Option A. Potassium-sparing diuretics raise potassium levels. Salt substitutes contain potassium instead of sodium. Thus taking them together would result in elvation of Potassium levels beyond normal which is termed as Hyperkalemia.
42. Option A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of glaucoma but they may also be used in the treatment of seizure disorders.
43. PO tid means oral administration, three times a day. Therefore, total acetazolamide(Diamox) received in 24 hrs is, 250mg * 3 = 750mg.
44. Yes, the nurse will question this order as acute angle-closure glaucoma is initially treated by administration of one drop of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution(1% or 2%) up to three times over a 30-minute period.
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