Based on the dimensions of the defects, please group following defects into diff

Question

Based on the dimensions of the defects, please group following defects into different types of imperfection groups (i.e.. point, linear, and planar defects): External surfaces. Vacancy atoms. Edge dislocations. Stacking faults. Screw dislocations. Grain Boundaries. Self-interstitial atoms. Twin boundaries, and Substitutional atoms. Describe and sketch both vacancy and self-interstitial crystalline defects. Describe and sketch the atomic structure within the vicinity of (a) a grain boundary, and (b) a twin boundary. Name the major types of defects in a crystalline solid. For dislocations, cite the relative Burgers vector-dislocation line orientations for those three different types of dislocations. Explain in metals why the concentration for self-interstitials is significantly lower than the concentration for vacancies at the same temperature. The surface energy of a single crystal depends on crystallographic orientation. Does this surface energy increase or decrease with an increase in planar density? Why? Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold (Au) at 900 degree C. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.98 eV/atom. The density and atomic weight for Au are 18.63 g/cm^3 and 196.9 g mol. respectively. For a BCC single crystal, would you expect the surface energy for a (100) plane to be greater or less than that for a (110) plane? Why? Calculate the energy for vacancy formation in nickel (Ni). given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 850 degree C (1123K) is 4.7 times 10^22 m^-3. The atomic weight and density (at 850 degree C) for Ni are respectively, 58.69 g/mol and 8.8 g/cm^3. Atomic radius, crystal structure, electro negativity, and the most common valence are given in the following table for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.

Explanation / Answer

1. External surfaces: planar defects

vacancy atom: point defect

Edge dislocation: linear defect

stacking fault: planar defect

Screw dislocation: linear defect

grain boundary: planar defect

self-interstitial atoms: point defects

twin boundary: planar defect

substituional defect: point defects

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