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The provided images are the problem and the actual answer key. What I want to kn

ID: 181806 • Letter: T

Question

The provided images are the problem and the actual answer key. What I want to know is how did they get the answer? what was the process and what are the steps to achieve the bands on the gel?

PROBLEM

ANSWER

11. (4 points) The DNA shown below is to be sequenced. In the gel diagram, draw in the bands that will appear if DNA polymerase is added to the reaction along with the nucleotide mixtures indicated. Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) are added in relatively small amounts. The asterisk represents a radioactive label. *5 --3'OH 3 ----ACGACGCAAGGACATTAGAC Nucleotide mixtures: A. dATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP, ddTTP (given)

Explanation / Answer

ddNTPs can block the synthesis because it lacks OH at 3' position so the normal nucleotide cannot be added when ddNTP get inserted instead of normal nucleotide.

Complementary sequence for the given sequence is synthesized by adding DNA polymerase, dNTPs and ddTTPs in the mixture A.

Given sequence : ACGACGCAAGGACATTAGAC

Complementary sequence: TGCTGCGTTCCTGTAATCTG

Mixture A: contains all dNTPs along with ddTTPs. So ddTTPs can block the T at 8 positions giving rise to 9 bands that is with one complete sequence.

1st band : TGCTGCGTTCCTGTAATCTG

2nd band : TGCTGCGTTCCTGTAATC ddTTP

3rd : TGCTGCGTTCCTGTAA ddTTP

4th : TGCTGCGTTCCTG ddTTP

5th :   TGCTGCGTTCC ddTTP

6th :   TGCTGCGT ddTTP

7th :   TGCTGCG ddTTP

8th :   TGC ddTTP

9th : ddTTP

Mixture B: Contains only dATP, dTTP, dGTP and ddCTP. There is no normal CTP so the synthesis get stopped with the very small sequence TG ddCTP. As this is relatively small in size, this can reach the end of the gel and thats why the band is indicated at the end.

Mixture C : Contains dCTP, dTTP, dGTP, ddCTP and ddATP but it lacks normal ATP.

Normal complementary sequence: TGCTGCGTTCCTGTAATCTG

1st band : TGCTGCGTTCCTGTddATP

2nd band : TGCTGCGTTCddCTP

3rd band : TGCTGCGTTddCTP

4th : TGCTGddCTP

5th : TGddCTP

Fragments or DNA move according to the size, smaller the size it can reach the end and greater the size it remains at the top.