Biological processes must adhere to the first law of thermodynamics which states
ID: 18180 • Letter: B
Question
Biological processes must adhere to the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be transferred from one system to another and be transformed.a. Describe the flow of energy at the community and cellular level.
b. Describe where energy comes from to sustain life within a community
ecosystem and explain how energy can be transferred from one species
to another.
c. Discuss energy sources at the cellular level and the processes and
molecules that a cell uses in transferring, storing and using energy.
d. Explain why oxygen plays an important role in these processes for some
cell types, but not for others.
e. Discuss the types of processes for which cells use energy.
Explanation / Answer
In the cellular level the energy flows from one cells to another in form of glucose. The glucose is consumed in the cells to create energy. Glucose is obtained by breaking down starch fat and other food ingested. The energy comes from the sun which is captured by plants using photosynthesis. Then they plants are consumed by other organisms in the food chain thus transferring the energy to higher levels, from one species to another. The processes used in cells are photosynthesis, aerobic and aerobic respiration, which convert energy to glucose and vice versa. Some cells are aerobic they need oxygen to convert glucose into CO2 and H2O, while others such as yeast which converts glucose to alcohol or acid and CO2 and energy without oxygen. Cells need energy for multiplying, converting glucose to fats, synthesizing other substances like hormones, sending electrical signals in neurons.
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