Explain your answers!! DO NO COPY PASTE ANSWER FROM SOMEWHERE ELSE! OR YOU WILL

Question

Explain your answers!! DO NO COPY PASTE ANSWER FROM SOMEWHERE ELSE! OR YOU WILL NOT BE RATED!

1. Show the subnet address, subnet mask in slash notation, broadcast address, number of addresses, first valid host address, and the last valid host address for the subnet address of the host with IP v4 address: 172.16.10.5 255.255.248.0

2. An IPv4 header bytes in Hex notation is given below: 45 c0 00 38 9b 3e 00 00 ff 01 fd 3b 80 99 90 01 80 99 91 56. Answer the following questions about the header: What is the size of data in the IPv4 datagram? What type of higher-level protocol is this datagram carrying? How many more hops can the datagram travel without being dropped? What are source and destination IP addresses for the IPv4 header?             

Explanation / Answer

1. IP mask numbers are used to divide internet addresses into blocks called subnets. The mask number represents the number of 1s in the binary of the address that is 'masked" against the address so that it ignores the last bits which are for the group of IP addresses in the masked address.

The first address of a subnet block (all 0s) is called the network address or network ID. The last address (all 1s) is the broadcast address of the network. Typically the network address +1 or the broadcast address -1 is the gateway to the internet. The 'slash' notation (ie /24) is known as CIDR format, while the more conventional 255.255.255.0 notation is considered a subnet mask.

n example of an IP address that is using a zero subnet is 10.1.0.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Earlier this was a kind of network id but today, this IP address is perfectly legal when it comes to subnetting. Thus, if I had an IP address of 10.1.0.0 with a 255.255.0.0 subnet mask is the network ID and if we subnet it, we could actually get 255 valid networks out of it by using the 0 subnet.
Net bits
Subnet mask total-addresses per subnet
/20 255.255.240.0 4096
/21 255.255.248.0 2048
/22 255.255.252.0 1024
/23 255.255.254.0 512
/24 255.255.255.0 256
/25 255.255.255.128 128
/26 255.255.255.192 64
/27 255.255.255.224 32
/28 255.255.255.240 16
/29 255.255.255.248 8
/30 255.255.255.252 4   

2. 24 or larger, the broadcast address always ends in 255.
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. Together with IPv6, it is at the core of standards-based internetworking methods of the Internet. As of 2012 IPv4 is still the most widely deployed Internet Layer protocol.

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