Which description is true for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? genetic informati

Question

Which description is  true for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

genetic information is housed inside a membrane-bound organelle

spontaneous mutations in DNA can be passed from parent to daughter cells

exchange of genetic information happens through homologous recombination during meiosis

all of the above

operons are used to control gene transcription of metabolically-related genes

genetic information is housed inside a membrane-bound organelle

spontaneous mutations in DNA can be passed from parent to daughter cells

exchange of genetic information happens through homologous recombination during meiosis

all of the above

operons are used to control gene transcription of metabolically-related genes

Explanation / Answer

In Prokaryotes do not have membrane bounds organelles. Genetic material of Prokaryotes is circular DNA, bounds to the cell membrane, which is in direct contact with cytoplasm and not enclosed by membrane, also called nucleoid. Where as in eukaryotic cells have membrane bounds organelles like nucleus,ribosome,mitrochondria, endoplasmic reticulam, vacuoles,lysosome, golgi apparatus and chloroplast in plant. In eucaryotic cell genetic material is found in true nucleus which is surrounded with double membrane. Mitochondria and chloroplast also have their own circular DNA in their cytoplasm.

Spontaneous mutation in DNA is occured due to error in DNA replication, spontaneous lesions and transposable genetic elements. During the replication mutation in the genetic material can occurs by transitions, transversions, frame shift mutation and deletion and duplication. This mutation can be found in both prokaryotic cell as well as eukaryotic cells and transfer generatin to generation during the cell division. The spontaneous mutation in bacteria is very fast and independently.

In homologous recombination nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar and identical DNA. This is a repairing process of DNA. Eukaryotes makes gametes by meiotic recombination. Prokaryotic cells devide through only mitosis, meiosis does not occur in prokaryotes. But homologus genetic recombination occurs in both type of cells prokaryotes and eukaryotes. If we talk about bacteria, this is the main repairing process of bacterial DNA.

Operons primarily occors in prokaryotes but some eukaryotes also have operon gene regulation system like C. elegans and Drosophilla melenogaster. Operon can be negative indusible operons, negative repressible operons, positive inducible operon and positive repressible operons for the control of metabolically related genes.

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