Answer the following questions relating to the process of translation. You may u

Question

Answer the following questions relating to the process of translation. You may use diagrams as long as they are properly labeled and explained.

     a. What occurs during the initiation stage?

     b. What role does EF-Tu play?

     c. What are the steps of the elongation cycle, what occurs during each and which steps require energy?

     d. What is the source of the energy for forming the bond between adjacent amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain?

     e. What happens when the ribosome encounters a stop codon?

Explanation / Answer

A). During the stage of initiation, all the components necessary for protien synthesis assemble. mRNA , small and large ribosome subunits , initiation factors, initiator tRNA with N-formylmethionine attached ( fMet-tRNAfMet) and GTP assemble.

B) EF-Tu binds a chraged tRNA to the A site.EF-Tu joins with GTP and then with a charged tRNA to form a three part complex. This complex enters the A site of the ribosome where the anticodon on the tRNA pairs with the codon on mRNA .

C) Steps of elongation are;

1. Binding of charged tRNA to the A site of ribosome .

2. Formation of peptide bond between the amino acids that are attached to the tRNA in the P and A site of Ribosome.

3. Translocation: Movement of the ribosome down the mRNA in the 5'-3' direction.

D) GTP provides energy for the formation of peptide bond between adjacent amino acids.

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