You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a sl
ID: 179457 • Letter: Y
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You are hiking in the mountains on a warm summer day. As you are walking up a sleep incline, your leg muscles are working pretty hard. They need to produce a lot more ATP than usual in order to propel you upward. Your breathing becomes deeper and more rapid as you work to bring in more air. You also notice that you are getting warm and starting to sweat You have water with you and decide to stop for a water and snack break. Your snack consists of a power bar that contains a nice mix of carbs. proteins, and lipids. Just what your body needs? As you sit and replenish your energy and water, you marvel at the beauty of your surrounds and feel a sense of appreciation that your body is healthy and able to adjust its activities to meet your ongoing needs. The nutrients in the power bar and the water are taken in thru the digestive tract to help met your body's energy needs as help to keep you hydrated. Describe where in the digestive tract each of the nutrients is broken down into an absorbable form and where the nutrients ans water are basorbed. Describe a homonalregulatory mechanism that would help to make the digestion of these nutrients possible.Explanation / Answer
3).
The order of digestive organs is as follows:
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, The small intestine, Colon (large intestine), Rectum
The functions of digestive system are ingestion (through mouth), digestion (in the stomach and intestine) and absorption of food into the circulation, followed by excretion of waste products.
Mouth is the first organ of digestive system, which contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands, which aid in digestion of food material. Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme presents in the saliva, which catalyses the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates into simple trisaccharides or disaccharides. It is synthesized by salivary glands present in the mouth and pancreas also synthesise amylase (it is salivary amylase).
Lingual lipase is a digestive enzyme that is involved in the digestion of lipids. It hydrolyses the long chain fatty acids into free fatty acids and triglyceride molecules. Sucrases are a group of enzymes, which are capable of hydrolysing sucrose into fructose and glucose.
Esophagus is a passage way that covert the food in a bolus and send into stomach.
Stomach is the main glandular organ, which has pH 1-2 due to presence of HCl. It kills pathogens in food and it digest food into macromolecules. Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme released by chief cells present in the stomach. The digestion of proteins by pepsin best occur at the pH of 2. Now it enters into small intestine.
The major part of digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the jejunum of small intestine. Jejunum is about 2.5 meters long and its inner epithelial lining contains “villi” that increase its surface area for absorption. It is supplied by the digestive juices of pancreas and gall bladder (bile). Lipase is a digestive enzyme that is involved in the digestion of lipids. The lipase released by pancreas becomes active in the small intestine, where it digests the triglycerides by breaking them into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Duodenum is the first part of small intestine. It is about 20 to 30 cm long, the digestion of fats and proteins take place here. But the absorption of products of digestion takes place in the jejunum.
Ileo-cecal junction is the junction between small intestine and large intestine. Cecum is the part of first part of large intestine. In humans, it has no profound function, but in herbivores, it contains bacteria that digest cellulose. Ileum is the terminal part of small intestine. It is about 3 meters long, the absorption of vitamin B 12 and bile acids take place here.
Table of types of organic molecules that we take, where they are digested, whether the process is mechanical or chemical, and enzymes used in their digestion
Organic molecules we take
Enzymes digesting them
Site of enzyme release
The process is chemical/mechanical
1). Carbohydrates
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Maltase
Mouth
Small intestine
Small intestine
Mechanical
Chemical
Chemical
2). Proteins
Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase
Stomach
Small intestine
Small intestine
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
3). Fats
Lipase
Pancreas
Chemical
4). Nucleic acids
Nuclease
Nucleosidase
Pancreas
Pancreas
Chemical
Chemical
Organic molecules we take
Enzymes digesting them
Site of enzyme release
The process is chemical/mechanical
1). Carbohydrates
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Maltase
Mouth
Small intestine
Small intestine
Mechanical
Chemical
Chemical
2). Proteins
Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase
Stomach
Small intestine
Small intestine
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
3). Fats
Lipase
Pancreas
Chemical
4). Nucleic acids
Nuclease
Nucleosidase
Pancreas
Pancreas
Chemical
Chemical
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