Please answer all parts in full and detailed response. 1. Synthetic EPO (initial

Question

Please answer all parts in full and detailed response.

1. Synthetic EPO (initially used to help treat various anemic diseases, but more popularly known as a blood doping agent used in sport) was taken. Concentrations of this showed up in the non – blood lumen. How does it reach the blood? (Synthetic EPO is a large hydrophilic molecule)

a. If K+ ECF concentration increased to be more than ICF concentration, how would this change your story for how Na+ is absorbed?

b. Does Ek change, if so how, if not why?

c. If this cell were electrically active, would the change in K+ concentration have any influence on it’s ability to depolarize, if yes, how, if not, why.

d. In this new state of increased K+ concentration in the ECF, a chemical from the anterior pituitary is released, what type of cell signaling molecule is this?

Explanation / Answer

Erythropoitin binds to the erythropoitin Receptors and stimulate the bone marrow for the production of red blood cells. Exogenous or synthetic erythropoitin is given when the kidneys stop producing erythropoitin. Erythropoietin therapy is given as an injection under the skin

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