Not counting stop codons, which of the following statements is correct? Question

Question

Not counting stop codons, which of the following statements is correct?

Question 1 options:

For every codon, there is one amino acid.

For every amino acid, there is only one codon.

A codon may specify more than one amino acid.

Three codons make up an amino acid.

Three amino acids make up a codon.

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Question 2 (1 point)

The existence of 64 different codon triplets and 20 different amino acids is reconciled in the cell by:

Question 2 options:

failure to use most of the available triplets as mRNA codons.

wobble-pairing in which the 5' nucleotide of the anticodon can pair loosely with the 3' nucleotide codon.

an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that recognizes over 60 different tRNAs.

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Question 3 (1 point)

Why is it that a pumpkin could express an artificially inserted bacterial gene?

Question 3 options:

Because a bacterial gene hijacks the pumpkin's cellular machinery.

Because the genetic code is the same in both organisms.

Because of the wobble-pairing phenomenon.

Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code.

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Question 4 (1 point)

In eukaryotes, where does translation take place?

Question 4 options:

In the cytoplasm

In the nucleus

Anywhere in the cell

In the centriole

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Question 5 (1 point)

Which statement is most accurate regarding translation?

Question 5 options:

mRNA transcripts are translated in the 3’ to 5’ direction, and polypeptides are synthesized in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction

mRNA transcripts are translated in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and polypeptides are synthesized in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction

mRNA transcripts are translated in the 3’ to 5’ direction, and polypeptides are synthesized in the C-terminal to N-terminal direction

mRNA transcripts are translated in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and polypeptides are synthesized in the C-terminal to N-terminal direction

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Question 6 (1 point)

What is one important function of the ribosome?

Question 6 options:

To direct transcription

To attach amino acids to the appropriate tRNAs

To unwind the double-stranded DNA helix to enable translation

To hold mRNA and tRNAs in the correct positions to enable translation

To make more mRNA

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Question 7 (1 point)

The Shine—Dalgarno sequence is a purine-rich region just upstream of a start codon that is necessary for the initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes.

Question 7 options:

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Question 8 (1 point)

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Question 8 options:

It brings together two subunits of a ribosome.

It helps fold up the finished polypeptide chain.

It catalyzes peptidyl transferase activity.

It binds to an mRNA codon to deliver the corresponding amino acid.

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Question 9 (1 point)

GAU and GAC are codons that specify the same amino acid (aspartate). Which of the following anticodons will enable a single tRNA to recognize both of these codons?

Question 9 options:

5'-GUC-3'

5'-TUC-3'

5'-CUC-3'

5'-CUG-3'

5'-CUT-3'

For every codon, there is one amino acid.

For every amino acid, there is only one codon.

A codon may specify more than one amino acid.

Three codons make up an amino acid.

Three amino acids make up a codon.

Explanation / Answer

Q1. For every codon, there is one amino acid.

Each codon codes for only one amino acid.

Q2.wobble-pairing in which the 5' nucleotide of the anticodon can pair loosely with the 3' nucleotide codon.

When reading 5' to 3' the first nucleotide in the anticodon (which is on the tRNA and pairs with the last nucleotide of the codon on the mRNA) determines how many nucleotides the tRNA actually distinguishes.

Q3.Because a bacterial gene hijacks the pumpkin's cellular machinery.

By genetic engineering, bacterial or viral genes can be inserted into any organism and the cellular machinery can be used for bacterial/viral gene expression.

Q4.In the cytoplasm

Q5. mRNA transcripts are translated in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and polypeptides are synthesized in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction

Q6.To hold mRNA and tRNAs in the correct positions to enable translation

Q7. False. Shine—Dalgarno sequence is rich in pyramidines. Not purines.

Q8.It binds to an mRNA codon to deliver the corresponding amino acid.

This is the primary role of tRNA. t stands for transfer.

Q9. 5'-CUG-3'

This can be explained by Wobble-Base pair. G normally pairs with C. Sometimes it can also pair with U defying Watson and Crick base pair rule.

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