Question XI. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are antigens present in tumor cell

Question

Question XI. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are antigens present in tumor cells as well as some normal cells, but often expressed at higher levels in tumor cells. TAAs can originate [complete the sentence and assess the resulting statements (146-157) as either factually correct (true) or incorrect (false) in the given context]:

146. from self-proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant.
147. from viral proteins to which the immune system is not tolerant.
148. as the result of mutations in normal genes in the tumor cell that cause changes in amino acid sequence that generate new epitopes.
149. from proteins expressed during embryogenesis that have become deregulated and reactivated transcriptionally.
150. from proteins expressed continuously at high levels in tumor cells, but only expressed at low levels or transiently in normal cells.
151. by the generation of hybrid genes through genetic recombination, with the consequent production of a new protein unique to the tumor cell.
152. from non-contiguous peptides spliced together by peptide bonds in the proteasome.
153. from proteins normally expressed in immunologically privileged sites.
154. from proteins modified by abnormal post-translational processes.
155. from proteins involved in mitosis that are produced at higher concentrations because the cells are continually dividing.
156. by multiple mechanisms and can serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy.
157. by multiple mechanisms and cannot serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy.

Explanation / Answer

146. False because normal proteins in the body are not antigenic because of self-tolerance

147. True because for virus-associated tumors, such as cervical cancer and a subset of head and neck cancers, epitopes derived from viral open reading frames contribute to the pool of neoantigens

148. True beacuse altered proteins originating from gene mutations and fusion proteins arising from chromosomal aberrations in tumor cells are the source of neo-antigens

149.Ture becasue these might be the consequences of reactivation of protooncogenes

150.True because they become they identified as overexpressed surface protein

151.False beacuse genetic recombination is rarely reported in TAAs

152. False

153.False

154. True because abnormality and mutation are the causes of TAAs

155. True because the drug therapy involve the formation of these cytoskeleton structure that promote the formation of rapidly new cells

156.False

157. True as chemotherapy has many side effects as well

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