8 and HPP cauon Questions 1 Which bones potentially could be involved in a fract

Question

8 and HPP cauon Questions 1 Which bones potentially could be involved in a fracture of the orbit? Why do you think orbital fractures are often difficult to fixate surgically with screws and plates? 2 Your friend has suffered a "broken nose." Which bones potentially could be involved in a fracture involving the nose and the nasal cavity? 3 The bones of the fetal skull are not yet fused, giving the skull many "soft spots," or fontanels, Why do you think the bones of the fetal skull are not at birth?

Explanation / Answer

Fracture of the orbit commonly occurred at floor and medial wall.medial wall is formed by maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones.floor is formed by orbital surface of maxilla, with small contribution from zygomatic and palatine bones.surgical repair done to restore continuity of orbit floor it is difficult because underlying structures are very sensitive to damage. Fracture of nasal bone is the most common in nose because of projection of nose on the face.lower part of nasal bone thinner, easily gives away, on several cases nasal septum also collapsed and even frontal process of maxilla also fractured. Bleeding from nose called as epistaxis.. In fetus and newborn, large membraneous and unossified gaps are present called fontanelle. They allow the head to deform during its passage through the birth canal and allows postnatal growth. Pelvis is very useful for the gender differentiation.it is deep funnel like in males and flat bowl like in female, obturator foramen large oval shape in males, small triangular in females.ischial tuberosity inverted in males and everted and widely separated in female.acetabulum large and deeper in males and small and narrow in females.others are also used like, mandible is U shape in males and rounded in female.subpubic angle is V shaped in males and U shape in females. Pelvic outlet is small in males and large in females. Hip fracture is commonly seen at the head of femur is fractured.pelvic fracture and hip fracture is differentiated by radiograph of pelvis in anteroposterior view. X ray shows the he fracture of the lower part of the radius above the styloid process.bones from down to top are ulna, radius, carpel bones, metacarpals and phalanges.carpels are scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform proximal, distal row has trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate. A.thoracic vertebrae, B .atlas, C. lumbar vertebrae.

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