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ID: 174777 • Letter: F
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Gene Regulation
The basic anatomy of the gene includes the regulatory sequence. The gene sequence, (63) is where the RNA polymerase binds, the (64) contains the sequences that outlines or codes for protein to be created, and the (65) codes for a sequence that causes the transcription complex to dissociate from the DNA, signaling the end of transcription. Another level of gene regulation can be illustrated by the lac operon. The (66) codes for the repressor, regulated by the ipromoter. The repressor binds to an effector molecule (67) when lactose is present, because the effector molecule is a by-product of lactose digestion. If lactose is not present, the effector molecule is not produced, thus the repressor will bind to the (68). When the repressor is bound, RNA polymerase can not transcribe, thus turning the gene (69)—illustrated by figure (70). When the cell can not produce ATP due to lack of nutrients, the cell has increased amounts of (71)—the effector molecule for CAP. CAP is an (72) and must bind to the effector molecule in order to bind to the CAP-site. CAP bound increases the angle of the DNA which is optimal for RNA polymerase binding, thus increasing transcription. When both CAP is bound to the CAP-site AND the repressor is bound to the effector molecule, the gene is turned (73) for enhanced transcription, illustrated by figure (74). When the cell has (75), the cell can readily produce ATP without additional specialized proteins. In this scenario, no repressor effector molecule will be produced, leaving the repressor bound to (76), and there will be insufficient amounts of (77) to bind to CAP. Therefore, the lac operon will be turned (78). This scenario is ideal for the cell, because the cell will be able to conserve (79), and not make gene products that are not useful for the cell.
CAMP BC Activator BCD All olactose A BCE A BD Repressor B ATP BE Regulatory sequence CDE B C ON D OFF CD Promoter E Lactose CE Transcript Region DE Terminator AB Glucose AC Energy ABC operator AD lacI ABD Transcript Region ABE FAT AE lac Answer choices #63- 79 may be used more than once or not at allExplanation / Answer
63 (promoter), 64 (transcript region), 65 ( termination), 66 (regulatry sequence), 67 (allolactose ), 68 (operator), 69 (off), 70 (B), 71 (cAMP), 72 (Activator), 73 (ON), 74 (A), 75 (Glucose), 76 (operator), 77 (CAMP ), 78 (Off), 79 (energy).
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