4) Which anatomical features align the fossil Proconsul with living hominids? Wh

Question

4) Which anatomical features align the fossil Proconsul with living hominids? Which features are primitive (i.e., monkey-like)?

5) What are the morphological differences between anthropoid and prosimian primates?

6) Which fossils are the earliest true primates?

7) What is a fission-fusion social system and which primates live in such a system?

8) What is Kleiber's Law and how does it affect primate ecology?

9) What is the difference between inter-sexual and intrasexual selection? Give examples of each.

10) Which hypotheses have been proposed for primate origins?

Optional question: Which are the only living old world monkeys to exhibit a paranasal sinus? Is the lack of paranasal sinuses among Old World Monkeys primitive/ancestral or derived?

Explanation / Answer

4) Which anatomical features align the fossil Proconsul with living hominids? Which features are primitive (i.e., monkey-like)?

ANS: Evolution is a vast subject and it is also very helpul in identifying and linking the characters of one generation to other which helps in finding out the link or ancestral characters. Proconsul here the name meaning is before consul which means before the consul..i.e consul is a chimpanzee so proconsul means they existed before that chimpanzee era. Some characters like curved metacarpels,walking parallel to ground i.e pronograde postures,long flexible back, etc are resembling monkey and other features like they donot have tail,their elbow joints are stable and also the facial structure resembles like apes also the grasping ability resembles and all these features align them with living hominids.

5) What are the morphological differences between anthropoid and prosimian primates?

ANS: There are certain differences between anthropoid sand prosimian primates. like

6) Which fossils are the earliest true primates?

ANS: The first true primates evolved near the beginning of Eocene Epoch which is 55 million years ago.In size and appearnce they resembled squirrel but they had hands and feet which help them in climbing trees and other manipulations which are required for their survival.They had very effective streotypic vision which was known from their position of the eyes.

7) What is a fission-fusion social system and which primates live in such a system?

ANS: Fission and Fusion means coming together and getting separated.In this type of system the size and composition of the group changes.Like some animals are realted to some groups but they get separated from their parent group or main group and they move to get basic necessities or other things.this is fission getting separated and the same animals come back to group to share these basic necessities with the parent or main group and spend time and stay with them.This is fusion getting together.This is called fission-fusion social system.Example of some primates which live in such system are elephants,african lions,chimpanzees,spotted hynea etc.

9) What is the difference between inter-sexual and intrasexual selection? Give examples of each.

ANS:Intrasexual selection means that selection is within a sex.Males compete with each other to get the female.eg they have better teeth or other organs which help them to win over other male to get the female.

Intersexual selection means seletion in between sexes.Females choose males depending on their some physical characters.Like their colour etc.

10) Which hypotheses have been proposed for primate origins?

ANS: There are three theories which are proposed till now they are...1) Arboreal theory 2)Visual predation theory 3) Angiosperm radiation theory.Every theory says its own hypothesis. But out of these three the Visual predation theory is best till now and also researches are still goging on this topic. According to the Visual preadtion theory the changes like grasping hand and feet,reduced claws are the adaptation for the fruits,insectcs and other things in night i.e for nocturnal foraging like owls.

ANTHROPOID PROSIMIAN Body and brain size is more size is less They are omnivores or herbivores They are only herbivores Snout is less protuded Snout is less protruded They could be active in anytime They are nocturnal Eye socket is closed Eye socket is open They have nails They have grooming claws. They donot have toothcombs They have toothcombs They can be terrestrial or arboreal They are arboreal They are more in number They are less in number.

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