1. (a) What is the principal objective in carrying out transportation project ev
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Question
1. (a) What is the principal objective in carrying out transportation project evaluation. ) Name two (2) of the criteria used for evaluating transportation alternatives. What units are used for the criteria you mentioned? 2. (a) Nam e and explain the two (2) component costs of any transportation facility improvement. (b) Name normally incur in owing a vehicle. and explain five (5) of the costs that a road user (motorist) would 3. Name and explain five (5) types of pedestrian crashes. 4. The number of all crashes recorded at a four-way Baltimore downtown intersection in January 2018 was 46, and the average 24-hr volume entering from all directions was 1300. Determine the crash rate per million entering vehicles (RMEV). Name and explain two possible strategies that can be adopted to reduce the crash rate at the intersection. I. II. 5. (a) Name and explain three (3) calming strategies that reduce traffic speeds. (b) Name and explain two (2) calming strategies that reduce volumes (c) Explain the differences between the two strategies.Explanation / Answer
1) a. principle objective in carrying out tranportation project evaluation:
there are many objectives in transportation project evaluation ,in that the main principle objective is to know the information about the outcome of the item of the input given, to give the most effective transportation facilities in project construction.the decision should be made individually or team members based on the activity.the other main objectives are as follows:
reducing congestion improving mobilityof non drivers,habitat protection, parking slot savings, air noise and water pollution reductions, compensation reduction etc.
criteria used for evaluating transportation alternatives:
1)financial factors:the funds available to complete the project
2)public input: the project is useable to the publiic or not
3)coordinated effort
4)constructability
5)maintenance factors
2)component costs of transportation improvement facility:
i)agency cost:cost incurred for by the agency for construction and maintenance of transportation facility improvement
ii)construction cost: it includes surveying cost,planning cost and project construction cost.
iii)maintenance cost: it involves the maintenance of transportation facility such as maintenance of roads bridges etc.
b) costs incurred by the mototrist while owing vehicle are as follows:
i)vehicle cost: the cost of vehicle includes its manufacturing cost which is to pay for the vehicle at the showroom
ii)registration cost:this is the cost incurred for registration of vehicles on the mototrist name
iii)license plate cost :cost incurred for obtaining license and number plate forthe vehicle
iv)insurance cost : cost incured for the insurance of the vehicle
v)tax : tax paid like road tax
3) types of crashes:
i)vehicles makes an turn at an intersection: when vehicle turns into the path of the edestrain without yielding
ii)crossing at the crosswalk when signalis not available: when traffic signals are not available there are possibity of crashes of pedestrains because of irregular traffic.
iii)backing vehicle without any signal: when the motorist back the vehicle without any signaling pedestrain crash may occur.
iv)distracted pedestrain or motorist : when the pedestrain or motorist are not carefull while on the road then crashes occur
iv) pedestrain crossing at wrong signal:when pedestrain is crossing at wrong signal for example if the pedestrain cross the road at green light crashes may occur
v)pedestrain walking or jogging on the road
vi)pedestrain not observing the traffic when getting on or off the bus: while the pedestrain don't observe the vehicles passing near him crash may occur
4)given data :
no.of crashes = 46
24 hr volume V = 1300
no.of years N = 1
R = 1,000,000*C/(365*N*V)
R = 1,000,000*46/(365*1*1300) = 96.944
where R= crash rate at the intersection for million entering vehicles
b) strategy to reduce the crashes at the intersections:
i) traffic sign like stop , stop a head: when the tarffic signs areadopted at the intersections then the traffic follows the trafic signs which will reduce the crashes
ii) introducding intersection distance :while providing proper intersection distance which will facilitate the proper sight distance for the motorist may redce the crashes atthe intersection.
iii) site obstruction to sight: hile removing the obstructions at the intersections for example eliminating the tallest and widest objects at the intersection will reduce the crashes at the intersection.
iii) regulating the traffic volume at the intersection :it comes uder the providing the traffic signsat the intersection.
iv) presence of street lights ,pavement marking etc may reduce the intersection crashes beacuse they provide proper visibity for the upcoming vehicles at the intersection.
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