A company using incandescent light estimate it can save significantly by going t

Question

Explanation / Answer

a.)

Payback period= (initial investment) / (net annual cash inflow)

for CFL bulbs:

initial investment=$15,000

net annual cash inflow= .75 (cash inflow due to incandescent lights)

annual inflow of cash due to incandescent lights=100,000*.06

=$6000

cash inflow for CFL bulbs=(0.75*6000)

= $4500

Payback period = 15000 / 4500

= 3.3 years

b.)

Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. Apparent power is not consumed by appliance but requires additional current flowing across the grid, and thus creates distribution losses in transformers and power lines in the form of heat.  Therefore, utilities have great interest in minimizing apparent power in the grid.  But if we consider a CFL lamp the apparent power used is far greater because of these non-linear components present in the circuit.Thus, while incandescent bulbs have a power factor close to 1 and are considered as almost ideal load, the electric circuit in a compact fluorescent bulb (also called ballast) causes apparent power and lowers the power factor.

c.)

Due to the generation of lot of total harmonic distortion from the rectifier circuit a Power factor correction circuit between the rectifier and the inverter is to be placed. These power factor correction circuits can be of any type but the main function of them is to operate the CFL bulbs in such a way that the current and voltage drawn from the A.C input is almost sinusoidal. One of such circuits is the Boost circuit along with the control feedback. This boost circuit is used in between the rectifier and inverter which acts as a DC-DC converter and enhances the input voltage. Another method is by inserting a high power factor pre-regulator between rectifier and capacitor filter.

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