For a line or route for which you are familiar, undertake research, and compile

Question

For a line or route for which you are familiar, undertake research, and compile a report (min 500 words) to identify the historical context of the construction of the route including: 1, What are the economic drivers for original construction? 2. What are the geological/topgraphical factors that influence the construction of a route? 3. What are the constraints on Gauge, gradient and alignment based on historical decisions? 4. What are the construction methods used in civil engineering of bridges, tunnels, cuttings and embankments? 5. What are the historical rights of way for farmers, public, level crossings and occupational crossings?

Explanation / Answer

Solution:-

1)

a) Construction plays a unique role in economic growth and is often a key barometer of economic conditions. Construction increases a country’s physical infrastructure (including housing stocks) which is a critical factor for long-term growth. The performance of the construction sector both affects and is influenced by general economic conditions. Although generally small in size compared to other sectors, its activity has a large impact on output and employment of the whole economy given its close inter-linkages with other sectors.

b) The economic drivers for original construction for many European countries, construction shares (in percent of GDP) have varied greatly before and during the recent economic crisis. Construction shares increased, some to very high levels, during the boom period. For example, during 2000-08 the real estate boom in Ireland, Spain, and Cyprus was synonymous with a construction boom, which boosted growth. In emerging Europe, similar overheating also took place in the Baltic countries, and to a lesser extent, Croatia.

c) The process has largely reversed itself in these countries since the crisis. For most countries, the deep recession has been accompanied by a collapse in construction activities and a sharp decline in construction shares.

2)

a)The geological/topgraphical factors that influence the construction of a route

Environmental factors like rain ,earthqack, land slides all affect the constructin and due to date project will be delayed.

b) Other factors like cost , if equipment cost is more, labour charge more.

3)

a) The constraints on Gauge, gradient and alignment based on historical decisions Alignment is among the principal constraint families found in Optimality Theoretic approaches to phonology. Much of the discussion in the recent literature (Eisner 1997; Kager 2001, 2005; McCarthy 2003; Buckley 2009), however, has focused on difficulties arising within the standard Generalized Alignment (McCarthy and Prince 1993a, 1993b) framework.

b)  Gauge, gradient and alignment should be in proper if these things are not proper than construction must be costly and delayed. Due to that other factors might be affect the construction.

4)

a) The construction methods used in civil engineering of bridges, tunnels, cuttings and embankments ,we can use WSM AND LSM method because these two methods are given in codes of every country in proper manner so, we need affort but work will be proper.

b) In civil engineering of bridges, tunnels, cuttings and embankments constructed these thing only by architectural and structural auto cadd design so that we can obtain a proper construction.

5)

a) The historical rights of way for farmers, public, level crossings and occupational crossings ,these are the main constituent of any construction because each and every construction used by people in different -different ways like farmers use road.

b) These construction must by level crossing and occupational crrosing because they have right to use it.

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