help me please, Ethanol Extraction by Distillation of Fermentation Reactions BAC

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help me please,

Ethanol Extraction by Distillation of Fermentation Reactions BACKGROUND: Ethanol is possibly the oldest use of biotechnology and one of the first chemical elements to be characterized. Most ethanol production for fuel and human consumption involves the use of yeast fermentation; the harvesting of sugar as energy for the organism in oxygen starved conditions with the by-product of ethanol and carbon dioxide gas. Primary biofuel production of ethanol involves the fermentation of corn sugars and sugar cane. Other more complex methods to breakdown energy containing biomass are under development, including the processes needed to extract fermentable sugars from waste cellulose. For our lab exercise, we will investigate the simple breakdown of sucrose with yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide Reaction C12H2201H20 Yeast 4 CH3CH2OH +4CO2 Sucrose Water Ethanol Carbon Dioxide Sucrose source will be a fruit juice solution that ferments using common brewer's yeast, which is an enriched solution containing salts and minerals to enhance the productivity of the eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae; yielding ethanol. During the fermentation period, we will monitor gas production and make recordings of our visual observations as the process occurs over a two-week period. We will then use the separating process of simple and fractional distillation to concentrate the ethanol and make detailed measurements and comparisons of the extraction process and end products Student Preparation Prior to Fermentation setu C12H220+ H20 Yeast 4 CH3CH2OH4CO2 GMW(g/mole) Densitie:s (mass/volume) Using a Periodic Table and Google Search, fill in the information above. Record the units for density values i. e. grams/cubic meters What is the equation for the volume of a sphere? Fill in the following conversion values: 1 pound= 1 cup= rams 1 milliliter= mm3 inc

Explanation / Answer

Gram Mole Weight(GMW)

for water(H2O)- 18.015 grams per mole(gram/mole).

for Sucrose- 342.3 grams per mole(gm/mole).

for ethanol- 46 grams per mole(gm/mole).

for carbon dioxide- 44.0095=44.01 grams per mole(gm/mole).

Densities:-

for water- 1 gm/cm³ = 10^6 gm/m³

for carbon dioxide- 1.98*10³ gm/m³

for ethanol - 7.89*10^5 gm/m³

for sucrose - 1.59*10^6 gm/m³

Volume of sphere can be determined from following formula - (4/3)**r³ where r = radius of sphere.

1 pound = 453.59 grams

1 cup = 284.131 mL (here cup is considered as imperial cup)

1 inch = 25.4 millimeters = 0.0254 meters

Fermentation- It is the metabolical process by which sugar is broken down into simple substances like alcohol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen.

Simple Distillation- It is a method of seperation of generally two liquids by heating mixture formed by both, converting them into vapour and then cooling of those vapours to get both liquids in pure form.

Fractional Distillation - It is the process of purification of two or more liquids which is done by heating liquid mixture to predetermined temperature at which one or more liquid components will get vaporized.

Sucrose - It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, naturally found in many plants like sugar cane, sugar beat and commonly known as table sugar.

Yeast - its a micro organism used in fermentation process consist of single cell and which used to reproduce by budding.

Ethanol - its an alcohol which is produced by natural fermentation of sugar also called as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol.

Carbon dioxide - Its an oxidation product of pure carbon which produces green house effect, also known as dry ice (in its solid form).

Specific Gravity - its a ratio of density of a substance to the density of water. Equivalently, its a ratio of mass of a substance per unit volume to the mass of water per unit volume.

Mass - A quantity of matter, which is measured by force exerted on it by gravitational field, expressed generally in kg or grams.

Volume - Quantity of 3D space which is occupied by any substance in its solid, liquid or gaseous state.

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