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Which of the following is the best example of one of Biederman’s geons?

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a. a sphere

b. an angle

c. the color red

Question 2

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If you listen to your friend’s story and simultaneously listen to the television, you are using

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a. focused attention

b. selective attention

d. sustained attention

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According to Kahneman’s model, the most demanding activities at a given time are given

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a. the least attention

b. enduring disposition

c. the most attention

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According to the multimode model of attention, information is selected based on either physical characteristics or semantic characteristics, but not both

Select one:

b. False

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Behaviorists did not study mental phenomena

Select one:

b. False

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Marr’s 2 1/2-D sketch takes into account the viewer’s perspective of an object

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b. False

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Which of the following is not true for the modular view of mind?

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a. each module is domain-specific and can handle only one type of information

b. modules are genetically determined

d. modules perform specific operations on information

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Bottleneck theories of attention are to selective attention as capacity theories of attention are to

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b. selective attention

c. divided attention

d. sustained attention

Question 9

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Which stage of processing in Marr’s computational theory of vision first represents edges and contours?

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a. the 3-D sketch

b. the 2 1/2-D sketch

c. the raw primal sketch

Question 10

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Beiderman’s recognition by components theory explains 3-D object recognition

Select one:

b. False

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Which of the following is not true of the feature detection model of pattern recognition?

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a. patterns are broken down into component parts

c. stimuli must be identical to a stored mental representation for pattern recognition to occur

d. it is a bottom-up model

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Suppose you are at a loud party. You choose to focus on what your friend is saying as opposed to the conversation going on behind you. This is an example of

Select one:

a. focused attention

b. selective attention

d. sustained attention

Question 13

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The cocktail party effect is an argument against Broadbent’s filter model

Select one:

b. False

Question 14

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The fact that some people who suffer localized brain damage lose specific types of mental operations but retain other mental abilities supports

Select one:

a. Chomsky

b. the modular view of mind

c. behaviorism

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Which of the following models of attention argues that information is first selected for physical characteristics and later selected for semantic characteristics?

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b. Triesman’s attenuation theory

c. Kahneman’s capacity model

d. the Deutch-Norman memory selection model

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Which of the following is not a difference between cognitive psychology and behaviorism?

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a. cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes while behaviorism avoids them

c. cognitive psychology views the mind as active while behaviorism views the mind as passive

d. cognitive psychology makes use of the scientific method to test hypotheses while behaviorism does not

Question 17

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Clapping your hands and praising a child when he/she utters a sound will encourage the child to utter more sounds and eventually acquire language. This best captures whose view of language development?

Select one:

a. Skinner

b. Neisser

c. Chomsky

Question 18

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In pattern recognition,

Select one:

a. stimuli from the environment are sent from visual areas of the brain to the retina

c. recognizing objects takes place at the retina

d. photoreceptors process stimuli in the visual cortex

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Which of the following are Triesman’s two stages of feature integration?

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a. preattentive stage and focused attention stage

b. preattentive stage and postattentive stage

c. unfocused attention stage and focused attention stage

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If a bug lands on the paper you are reading, you automatically attend to the bug because of

Select one:

a. enduring disposition

b. momentary intention

d. the Yerkes-Dodson law

Explanation / Answer

1.Geons are the simple 2D or 3D forms such as cylinders, bricks, wedges, cones, circles and rectangles corresponding to the simple parts of an object in Biederman's Recognition-by-components theory. The theory proposes that the visual input is matched against structural representations of objects in the brain. These structural representations consist of geons and their relations. The correct answer is a sphere (option a).

2. Divided attention occurs when mental focus is on multiple tasks or ideas at once. Also known as multitasking, individuals do this all the time. Examples are singing along to a song while driving, having a conversation while walking, or listening to music while grocery shopping. Option c is the correct answer.

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