1.Internal validity is a measure of how generalizable your study results are to
ID: 168020 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Internal validity is a measure of how generalizable your study results are to the general population.
True
False
2.How can a researcher reduce the amount of bias in an experimental study?
matching
choose groups with different baseline characteristics
masking exposures during follow-up
D. both a and c
3. The strongest evidence for cause and effect is obtained by
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Experimental studies
Ecological studies
4. Ethical or financial issues can prevent randomization.
True
False
5. The distinguishing feature of experimental studies is that the investigator
is from a university.
intervenes in the study (administers the exposure).
is limited to gathering descriptive data.
does not know the participants.
A.matching
B.choose groups with different baseline characteristics
C.masking exposures during follow-up
D.D. both a and c
3. The strongest evidence for cause and effect is obtained by
a.Cohort studies
b.Case-control studies
c.Experimental studies
d.Ecological studies
4. Ethical or financial issues can prevent randomization.
True
False
5. The distinguishing feature of experimental studies is that the investigator
A.is from a university.
B.intervenes in the study (administers the exposure).
C.is limited to gathering descriptive data.
D.does not know the participants.
Explanation / Answer
1.Internal validity is a measure of how generalizable your study results are to the general population.
Ans. False. Internal validity describes how well an experiment is performed, especially with regards how it avoids confounding effect i.e. whether more than one independent variable is acting at the same time. A study with higher internal validity lets the researcher choose one explanation over another with a lot of confidence.
2.How can a researcher reduce the amount of bias in an experimental study?
Ans. D. both a and c uses distinguishable experimental groups for each type of treatment but still, it relies upon matching every subject in one group with an equivalent in another. The idea behind this is that it reduces the chances of an influential variable deflecting the results by negating it. Masking the exposure or intervention during follow up is necessary to avoid bias towards a particular/expected outcome.
3. The strongest evidence for cause and effect is obtained by
Ans. a. Cohort studies evaluate a possible association between exposure(cause) and outcome(effect) by following a group of exposed individuals over a period of time (often years) to see whether they develop the outcome of interest.
4. Ethical or financial issues can prevent randomization.
Ans. True. Ethical issues can prevent random sampling of certain individuals like children where acquiring informed consent.
5. The distinguishing feature of experimental studies is that the investigator
Ans. D. does not know the participants. The experimenter being blind to participants ensure that data acquired by the experimenter is not biased towards an outcome i.e experimenter’s bias.
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