Reactions 6.4 Metabolism and Learning outcomes you should be able to Upon comple
ID: 164070 • Letter: R
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Reactions 6.4 Metabolism and Learning outcomes you should be able to Upon completion of this section, and cellular 1. how the reactions for reactions. respiration represent between the metabolic 2. Summarize the relationship In the next chapters, you will explore two important metabolic two pathways: cellular respiration (see Chapter 7) and of Chapter 8. of pathways are based on the use The move- special enzymes to facilitate the movement energy-related ment of these electrons plays a major role in the reactions associated with these pathways. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions When oxygen (O) combines with a metal such as iron or magne- sium Mg), n receives electrons and becomes an ion that is negatively charged. The metal loses electrons and becomes an magnesium that is charged. When oxide (Mgo) forms, it is appropriate to say that magnesium has been oxidized. On the other hand, oxygen has been reduced, because it has gained charges (i e electrons). Reactions that involve the gain and loss of electrons are called oxidation-reduction reactions. Sometimes, the terms oxidarion and reduction are applied to other reactions, whether or not oxygen is involved. In a discussion of metabolic reactions, dation represents the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons. In the reaction Na CI NaCI. sodium has been oxidized (oss of electron), and chlorine has been reduced (gain of electrons). Because oxidation and reduction go hand-in-hand, the entire reaction is called a redox reaction. One easy way to remember what is happening in redox reactions is to remember the term OIL RIG OIL RIG Oxidation Is Loss Reduction ls Gain The terms oxidation and reduction also apply to covalent reactions in cells. In this case, however, oxidation is the loss of hydrogen atoms (e H and reduction is the gain of hydrogen atoms Notice that when a molecule loses a hydrogen atom it has lost an electron, and when a molecule gains a hydrogen atom it has gained an electron. This form of oxidation-reduction is exemplified in the overall equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis The chloroplasts in plants capture solar energy and use it to con vert water and carbon dioxide into a carbohydrate. Oxygen is aExplanation / Answer
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Carbon dioxide combines with water and converted to carbohydrates during photosynthesis. It is an energy consuming reaction, sunlight provides required energy for the same. This process take place in chloroplasts of plant cells. It is an anabolic process (building process where complex molecules are formed from simple molecules)
Respiration is a catabolic process where complex molecule such as carbohydrates are broken down to release CO2 and Water releasing energy in the form of ATP for cellular functions.
The released CO2 enters the environment and again is used by the photosynthesis processes again.
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