The lit review is to be conducted from one primary literature document that you
ID: 163981 • Letter: T
Question
The lit review is to be conducted from one primary literature document that you find and that is on the topic: cell signaling of hyaline cartilage, in a context of bioengineering. You may not use a review, although you might read a few reviews before selecting your paper of choice since a quality review will list many primary lit sources from which you could pick. 1 page limit, single spaced, font size 11, 1 inch margins. Cell Signaling Controlling Hyaline Cartilage Formation and Homeostasis: Bioengineering Knee Replacements. Describe the current state of the state of the topic of knee joint replacement? What are the current areas of need (the black holes of knowledge)? Who are the 2-3 major players in the field (academic and biotech) and what are they working on? CitationExplanation / Answer
Knee joint replacement is a defined as a procedure which takes place in order to replacean injured or ailing knee with the help of an artificial joint, or prosthesis.This procedure usually takes place when the person is a having pain from knee arthritis which keeps him from sleeping or doing normal activities.It is also done when the person is not able to walk properly.Another reason for doing this is if the peron's pain has not improved with other treatment.
The surgery usually involves replacing the following parts within a knee joint.
The first one is the Lower end of the thigh bone which is also called the femur. The replacement part is usually made of metal.The second part is the Upper end of the shin bone.This is usually the large bone which is present in our lower leg and this bone is called is the tibia.Moreover ,the replacement part is made from a given metal and a strong plastic..Finally we have the back side of your kneecap. The kneecap is also called as the patella. The replacement for this part is made from a strong plastic
The process of knee replacement involves giving anesthesia.After this ,the surgeon makes a cut over the knee to open it .Usually this cut varies from often 8 to 10 inches long. This is followed by moving the kneecap which is called as the patella out of the way.This is followed by cutting the ends of the thigh bone and the shin bone in order to fit the replacement part.Next,a cut is performed on the the underside of the kneecap in order to prepare it for the new replacement which will be attached there.The next step is to fasten the two parts of the prosthesis and connect them to the bones. In this process,one part is usually attached to the end of the thigh bone and on the other hand, the other part is attached to the shin bone. Finally these pieces can be attached with the help of a bone cement or screws.The second last step inolves attaching the underside of the kneecap.In this process a special bone cement is taken and it is used to attach this part..Finally the sugeon will repair the muscles and tendons which are present around the new joint and finally close the surgical cut .This takes around 2 hours.
Reference:https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002974.htm
http://www.healthline.com/health/knee-joint-replacement#Overview1
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