Literature review Note that the lit review is to be conducted from one primary l

Question

Literature review

Note that the lit review is to be conducted from one primary literature document that you find and that is on the topic: cell signaling of hyaline cartilage, in a context of bioengineering. You may not use a review, although you might read a few reviews before selecting your paper of choice since a quality review will list many primary lit sources from which you could pick. 1 page limit, single spaced, font size 11, 1 inch margins Cell Signaling Controlling Hyaline Cartilage Formation and Homeostasis: Bioengineering Knee Replacements. Describe the current state of the state of the topic of knee joint replacement? What are the current areas of need (the black holes of knowledge)? Who are the 2-3 major players in the field (academic and biotech) and what are they working on? Citation

Explanation / Answer

1.One of the greatest achievement of clinical operations is knee replacement. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons suggest that every year since 2003 there is an exponential increase in the number of knee replacements. Current research on knee replacement focuses mainly to extend the longevity of the implant and at the same time improving the functioning of the implant so that the patients' demand could be met with. This includes use of wear-resistant implants with the use of porous metals that enhance osseointegration and helps in faster replacement.Apart from this, a clear concept and understanding of the processes involved in periprosthetic osteolysis,invasive surgery and computer assisted surgery are given more importance for successful replacement.Tissue engineering makes use of a wide variety of polymers and signaling molecules.Compenents of polymer construct should be carefully chosen for commercial purposes.Also,degradation rates of construct,mechanical properties etc,should be taken care of while designing an implant.

2.The current areas of need is to increase the efficacy of the implant.The focus should be mostly on the biocompatibility of the implant so that it is not rejected by the internal enviroment conditions of the body.For this,the implants should be made up of a wear resistant material together with porous metals for enhanced osseointegration.

3.Research scientists and biotech companies are working to design implants for knee replacement and for commercial purposes. Biomedical enginnering researches are mainly focussing on research of various metal implants that is biocompatible and could result in successful replacement and thay have found silicon transplants to be of highest efficacy.Companies such as DePuy (subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson),Zimmer Holdings,Smith and Nephew are a few companies that make and sell knee implants.

4.Citations:

Current state and future of joint replacements in the hip and knee.Lee K1, Goodman SB;Expert Rev Med Devices. 2008 May;5(3):383-93.

Polymers in Cartilage Defect Repair of the Knee: Current Status and Future Prospects:Ralph M. Jeuken 1, Alex K. Roth 1, Ruud J. R. W. Peters 2, Corrinus C. van Donkelaar 3, Jens C. Thies 2, Lodewijk W. van Rhijn 1 and Pieter J. Emans 1.

Silicon implant 'helps worn knees to regrow' - and could spare thousands of patients from surgery.

Rosie Taylor for the Daily Mail;published: 13 May 2016.

Top 5 Orthopedic Device Companies Based on 2009 Revenues;by Leigh Page 09 September 2010 17:55

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