Organic compounds are classified into functional groups. Each group is determine

Question

Organic compounds are classified into functional groups. Each group is determined by the molecular structure and class of compound. Starting with Table 19.1 in your textbook, create a data sheet for each of the nine functional groups. The data sheet should include a description of the class, a representation of the general structure, general properties, example compounds, and uses of compounds in that functional group. Create a final data sheet on polymers. Make sure that your data set is communicates the information effectively.

Explanation / Answer

S.No. Functional group Class of the compound General properties Example Compounds Uses of compounds 1 OH Alcohols The electronegativity of oxygen is greater than that of carbon and hydrogen. So, the covalent bonds of this functional group are polarized so that oxygen is electron rich and has partial negative charge. Physical properties- Higher boiling point than Hydrocarbons and these are soluble in water methanol, Ethanol Solvent in pharmaceutical preparations, Alcoholic Drinks, Industrial methylated spirits 2 COOH acids Carboxylic acids are polar, They have higher boiling point than alcohols Acetic acid organic acids are used for making soft drinks, Acetic acid is used in making vinegar 3 CHO aldehydes The small aldehydes and ketones are freely soluble in water Formaldehyde used in the production of resins like when it is combined with urea, melamine, and phenol (e.g., Bakelite). 4 C=O ketones oxygen atom of the carbonyl group engages in hydrogen bonding so, The small aldehydes and ketones are freely soluble in water Acetone nailpolish remover, Acne treatments etc. 5 COOR Esters only low molar mass esters are soluble in water Ethyl acetate used in making perfumes and cosmetics 6 CONH2 Amides The amides have high boiling points. These characteristics and their solubility in water result from the polar nature of the amide group Sodamide industrial production of indigo, hydrazine, and sodium cyanide. 7 N(H, R)2 Amines tertiary amines don't have a hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen and so can't form hydrogen bonds with themselves, they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules just using the lone pair on the nitrogen. Solubility decreses with increase in the side chain Aniline aromatic amines are used as a starting material for the manufacture of azo dyes. 8 C-O-C Ethers low polarity, Ethers are more polar than alkenes but not as polar as alcohols, esters diethyl ether First to be used anaesthetic in surgery 9 SH Thiols thiols are stronger acids than alcohol. used for making odorants

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