1. viruses 2.domain bacteria phylum cyanobacteria 3. domain eukarya a. kingdom a
ID: 163013 • Letter: 1
Question
1. viruses
2.domain bacteria
phylum cyanobacteria
3. domain eukarya
a. kingdom alveolata
phylum apicomplexa
phylum dinoflagellata
b. kingdom stramenoplila
phylum baciliariophyta
phylum phaeophyta
phylum oomycota
c. kingdom plantae
phylum rhodophyta
chlorophyta
phylum bryophyta
phylum monilophyta
phylum coniferophyta
phylum anthopyta
d. kingdom fungi
phylum ascomycota
phylum basidiomycota
e. kingdom animalia
phylum cnidaria
phylum plathelminthes
phylum mollusca
phylum mollusca
phylum nematoda
phylum arthropoda
phylum echinodermata
phylum chordata
subphylum craniata
class chondrichthyes
class actinopterygii
class amphibia
class mammalia
class reptilia
can you have a synapomorhy for each domain, kingdom phlyum, and subclass
Explanation / Answer
Synapomorphy: A trait present in an ancestral species which is shared exclusively by its descendants during the course of evolution.
This trait is derived from ancestors and therefore used in determining phylogenetic relationships.
In the above representation characters 1 and 2 arose in common ancestor of Taxon A and Taxon B therefore present in both taxa.
1. Viruses: There are evidences to state that viruses share some common features or they show synapomorphies not shared by any kind of cellular life. Thus it can be assumed that all viruses descend from a common ancestor
On the contrary these evidences fail to explain the antiquity of viruses.
2. Domain Bacteria: Synapomorhphy:- cell wall polysaccharide that is Peptidoglycan. However, the distribution of peptidoglycan in the cell wall differs among gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Phylum Cyanobacteria: Synamorphies:- chlorophyll a, phycobilin pigments in phycobilisomes, use both photosystems I and II and water as an electron donor in light reactions of photosynthesis.
3. Domain Eukarya: Synapomorphies:- cell membranes, RNA, DNA organized into chromosomes, mitosis, protein in chromosomes, and eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus and organelles.
(Kingdom Animalia)
a. Kingdom Alveolata: Synapomorphy:- Presence of sac-like alveoli just under the plasma membrane. Further this group is broken down Into: 1. Phylum Dinoflagellata) 2. Phylum Apicomplexa 3. Phylum Ciliophora
b. Kingdom Stramenoplila: Synapomorphy:- Presence of normally two flagella, with hair like projections on one of them Further this group is broken down Into: 1. Phylum Oomycota 2. Phylum Bacillariophyta) 3. Phylum Chrysophyta 4. Phylum Phaeophyta
c. Kingdom Plantae: Synapomorphies:- A life cycle with an alternation of generations, apical cell growth, antheridia, archegonia, and a cuticle which is the outer covering used to control water loss on land.
Phylum Rhodophyta: No flagella, red because they need to photosynthesize deep underwater.
Phylum Bryophyta: Diversity in habitat, mostly aquatic both marine and freshwater, body form from unicellular to colonial to multicellular, major producers in aquatic ecosystems found at the base of food chains.
Phylum Monilophyta (Equisetopsida): Synapomorphies:- The Leaves and branches come out as whorls from evenly-spaced joints The photosynthesis mainly takes place by green stem.
Phylum Coniferophyta(Gymnosperm): Synapomorphies:- Needle shaped leaves, secretes resin as response to wounding, sporophyte located on cones.
Phylum Anthophyta (Angiosperm): Synapomorphies:- Carpels usually develop into fruit, seeds contain endosperm.
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