You are the senior biochemist for make artificial sugars. They have generated lo

Question

You are the senior biochemist for make artificial sugars. They have generated low these analogs will contribute about their metabolism. You are tasked with contribute to metabolism and whether they will kill people. At your disposal is radioactive labeled (radio-labeled) sugar analogs, mammalian cells that grow in oxygen availability. The first class of compounds you distinguish are those that can enter cells and those that cannot. This is based on incubating cells with sugar analogs and seeing if the cells picked up radioactivity; no radioactivity meant that particular analog was not a substrate for GLUT! transporter. Using the following data, determine which enzymes were unable to utilize the particular sugar analogs and the step of the pathway(s) that is Inhibited. After setting the oxygen levels to 0 in the incubator, you incubate the cells with media containing on individual sugar analogs alone. Of the 55 compounds tested 30 result in all the cells dying. The remaining 25 successfully went through which pathway? If these 25 analogs were radio-labeled, what radio-labeled chemical would be found in the media? Of the 30 compounds that resulted in cell death, 1 was incubated with glucose in the media and caused increased consumption of the glucose, though still little metabolism of the analog. Describe a scenario where this would be the result. Which enzyme is this sugar analog a substrate for and which is it not? You now test the 25 compounds that allowed survival without oxygen in a full oxygen environment 1 compound, while allowing for full ATP synthesis and cell survival, never allowed cells to divide or grow. What pathway was this analog incapable of participating in. Briefly describe the biochemical and cellular consequences that arose in this situation that led to the observed phenotypes (survival w/o division or growth).

Explanation / Answer

EXPLANATION:

The GLUT (Glucose transporter protein) is a membrane integral protein which helps difussion of sugars from the media.These transporter membranal proteins are expresseed in all memalian cells.Among these GLUT's,GLUT1 is an important transporter protein.Intake and export of glucose into and putside the cells is carried out by GLUT-mediated transport. As stated in abov equestion 25 successfully went through Glycolysis pathway,which is cytoplasmic pathway which coverts glucose to pyruvate bby utilising ADP,NAD resulting in ATP (Adenosine triphosphate ) and NADH(nicoamide adinine dinucleotide) and water.Hexokinase is an enzyme which mediates the entry of glucose into glycolytic pathway in which glucose converted to glucose-6-phosphate in presence of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphateis converted to fructose-6-phosphate and in presence of phosphoglucose isomerase and  fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in presence of phospho fructokinase,Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to glyceroldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceroldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate which is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate and this is converted to phosphophenolpyruvate to pyruvate.

Azide labbeled radiolabelled sugar analog is used to detect .

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