I don\'t understand these experiments. please explain. 4. Explain how Pauling de

Question

I don't understand these experiments. please explain.

4. Explain how Pauling demonstrated that sickle-cell hemoglobi and normal hemoglobin must in differ in amino acid sequence. Why was this work an important step in understanding the relationship between gene and protein? Explain how Ingram utilized protein fingerprinting (explain the steps in the procedure) to identify the amino acid change in Hb protein that led to its different electrophoretic mobility and affected its function. 5. Explain the work of Yanofsky and Lennox data), and how it led to the discovery that the gene and the protein the gene codes for are co-linear.

Explanation / Answer

Explain how pauling demonstrated that sickle cell haemoglobin and normal

In 1945 Linus Pauling, who was the first to assume that the disease might originate from an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule.

It was demonstrated by the differential migration of sickle versus normal hemoglobin and are observed by gel electrophoresis .

It also illustrated that sickle cell disorder -exhibits--autosomal recessive inheritance .

sickle mutation is caused by the glutamine-to-valine substitution at the sixth residue of the -globin polypeptide.

HbA--------NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN ALLELE

HbS--------ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBIN ALLELE

HbA HbA-------------- NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN

HbA HbS -------SICKEL CELL TRAIT

HbS HbS-------SICKEL CELL DISORDER

ABOVE HEMOGLOBINS CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED IN by gel electrophoresis .

DUE TO VARIATION IN NET CHARGE , AND STRUCTURE OF THE Hb molecule

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