This question is on medical ultrasound. Can someone please show me the full work
ID: 1611345 • Letter: T
Question
This question is on medical ultrasound. Can someone please show me the full workings? I will really appreciate it very much.
Medical Ultrasound a) Explain the A, B and M mode for ultrasound (US) imaging. b) What is a mechanical index (MD? c) How can you measure blood flow using US? Please explain the sending/receiving protocol. Sketch in a 3d-diagram in which direction blood flow can be measured relative to the position of the US transducer and explain. d) Explain why microbubbles added into the bloodstream may increase the acoustic contrast. Give a rough estimate for the bubble size when imaging at 3 MHz.Explanation / Answer
A mode is an operational state that a system has been switched to. A normal mode occurs when all parts of a system oscillate with the same frequency. For ultrasound imaging, different modes are used to examine the arterial/venous system, heart, pancreas, urinary system, ovaries, spinal cord, joints and more.The different types of modes can be controlled by the operator or tech.
A Mode
A-Mode or Amplitude Modulation, is the display of amplitude spikes of different heights. It is used for opthamology studes to detect finding in the optic nerve. A-mode consists of x and y axis, whwre x represents the depth and y represents the amplitude.
B Mode
B-Mode or Brightness Modulation is the display of 2D map of B-mode data and is the most common form of ultrasound imaging. Unlike A-mode, B-mode is based on brightness with the absence of vertical spikes. Therefore the brightness depends upon the amplitude or intensity of the echo. There is no y axis on B-mode, instead, there is a z-axis, which represents the echo intensity or amplitude, and a x-axis which represents depth. B-mode will display an image of large and small dots which represent strong and weak echoes, respectively.
M Mode
M-Mode or Motion Mode is the display of a one dimensional image that is used for analysing moving body parts commonly in cardiac and fetal cardiac imaging. This can be accomplished by recording the amplitude and rate of motion in real time by repeatedly measuring the distance of the object from a single transducer at a given moment. The single sound beam is transmitted and the reflected echoes are displayed as dots of varying intensities thus creating lines across the screen
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