77) U.S. oil production ________. A) has to fit the quotas imposed by OPEC B) is

Question

77) U.S. oil production ________.
A) has to fit the quotas imposed by OPEC
B) is now high enough for us to export nearly 50% of our oil
C) peaked in 1970
D) will peak in 2100, requiring for the first time imports to meet growing demand

E) is sufficient to meet national needs, thanks to major conservation efforts

78) Carbon sequestration ________.

A) involves capturing carbon emissions and then releasing them into the stratosphere

B) has proved to be more dangerous to the environment than releasing carbon emissions

C) has been used by U.S. electrical plants since 1955, converting carbon dioxide to limestone

D) converts carbon from carbon dioxide emissions into smaller elements that do not contribute to global

climate change

E) involves converting carbon dioxide gas to a liquid form for storage in the ocean or underground

79) When assessing energy resources, it is helpful to use a measure called EROI, which is ________. A) amount of energy invested minus heat released into the environment
B) energy returned divided by energy invested
C) energy returned minus energy invested

D) money invested in extraction and processing minus income from sales E) energy returned plus energy invested

80) Natural gas is primarily composed of ________. A) sulfur dioxide

B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) methane E) nitrite

81) Which of the following is a benefit of using nuclear power?
A) Core meltdown of reactors can provide "bonus" energy for electricity production.
B) The increasing costs of nonrenewable energy sources make nuclear energy more economically viable. C) Using nuclear power causes more use of fossil fuels.
D) Few greenhouse gases are emitted.

E) Mining activities enhance ecosystems.

82) Biofuels and nuclear power may prove useful as ________. A) replacement fuels for motor vehicles
B) pollution-free sustainable energies
C) stages in the development of fusion generators

D) inexpensive technologies for developing nations
E) energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables

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Compare the data in these two figures to answer the following question.

83) One conclusion that can be drawn from the figures is that ________.

A) only a small amount of the available hydropower energy is used for electricity generation

B) of the total renewable energy available, geothermal energy is primarily used for purposes other than

electricity generation

C) most of the available biomass energy is used for electricity generation

D) most of the wind energy is used for electricity generation

E) solar energy is currently a major source for generation of electricity

84) Currently, the fastest-growing source of electricity generation using new renewable sources is ________. A) natural gas B) hydro C) PV solar D) coal E) wind

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85) Photovoltaic (PV) technology is best described as ________.
A) using sunlight to generate electricity
B) trapping sun's heat and storing it for various uses
C) using mirrors to concentrate sunlight, in order to heat water and produce steam for electricity generation D) using sun's energy to warm a room without mechanical devices

E) passive solar technology

86) The primary motivation to develop the new renewable energy sources comes from ________.
A) those who believe human health is impacted by smog and pollution
B) concerns over diminishing fossil fuel supplies and negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel use C) those who believe conservation is important
D) those who believe fossil fuel dependence is suicide because it makes us vulnerable to the Middle East

E) concerns that oxygen production by trees is endangered by fossil fuel use

87) Solar represents a minuscule portion of U.S. energy production because of ________. A) technological limitations
B) air and water pollution from this source of energy
C) lack of investment

D) lack of scientific interest
E) poor potential for this energy source

88) A major advantage of solar power is that ________. A) pollution is high

B) cost is prohibitive even in developed countries
C) solar systems provide local, decentralized control over power
D) there is a lack of knowledge on long-term impacts
E) not all regions are sunny enough to provide adequate power with current technology

89) A major disadvantage of solar power is ________.
A) the uneven distribution of sunshine around the world
B) its cost-effectiveness compared to other types of power
C) that solar systems decentralize control over electrical energy D) its efficiency level compared to other types of power

E) that there is a lack of knowledge on long-term economic impacts

90) A major obstacle to the establishment of wind farms near populated and scenic areas is ________. A) the lack of government support for the construction of wind farms
B) the lack of infrastructure to support wind-generated electricity
C) not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome

D) the lack of financial support for the construction of wind farms E) the lack of large land areas needed to construct wind farms

91) One benefit of offshore wind farms is that ________.
A) they are more aesthetically pleasing than wind farms on land
B) development of land for human use is pushing wind farms to open water C) maintenance costs are less than they are on land
D) wind speeds are higher and turbulence is lower over water than over land

E) unlike land-based wind farms, they do not interfere with bird migration routes

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92) The current practice of geothermal power generation may not always provide a practical renewable energy source because ________.

A) in some cases, the heated groundwater is used much faster than it is recharged
B) in some instances, pollution emissions can be very high
C) geologically heated groundwater is unsuitable for these plants and must be purified first

D) in many cases, the magma is used faster than it is recharged E) power plants have high maintenance costs

93) The largest problem with adopting the new technology of renewable resources is ________.
A) that technological advances have not been made in the last 30 years to meet our energy needs B) that long-term maintenance costs are much higher than those for fossil fuels
C) in evaluating the scientific and economic impacts
D) that the startup costs may be high

E) that energy production facilities are not located near consumers

94) Although photovoltaic electricity as a power source is cleaner than burning fossil fuels, the problem with this electricity is that it ________.

A) cannot be stored easily in large quantities for use when and where it is needed B) is less efficient than fossil fuels
C) will be replaced shortly with other sources of power for homes

D) is not sufficiently understood E) is dangerous if stored too long

95) Which one of the following is true of hydrogen fuel cell technology?
A) It was originally slated for use in cars by Ford.
B) Many homes were built in desert regions using the technology to collect and heat water. C) The U.S. government wanted it for use in military operations.
D) It has been used widely in N ASA's spaceflight programs.

E) The visionaries of the fossil fuel companies saw the need to develop this technology.

96) Whether a hydrogen-based energy system is environmentally cleaner than a fossil fuel system depends on ________.

A) the amount of fossil fuels that are invested in long-term storage B) the source of energy used to produce the hydrogen
C) the source of oxygen used for the process

D) governmental incentives for research E) the car driven

97) The chemical product of burning hydrogen or using hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source is ________. A) water

B) nontoxic ash
C) carbon monoxide D) acids
E) glucose and oxygen

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98) Every winter morning when the sun is shining bright, a man living in Idaho pulls back the drapes on a large, south-facing window. In this way, he helps heat his home using ________.

A) active solar heating
B) radioactive solar heating C) photovoltaic heating

D) conductive solar heating E) passive solar heating

99) U.S. geothermal energy is most available in ________. A) the West

B) the Southeast
C) the Northeast D) the Florida Keys E) Texas

100) Wind will not be a major U.S. energy resource in ________. A) the Northeast

B) the Southeast C) Texas
D) the Northwest E) California

Explanation / Answer

77.C) peaked in 1970

88.C) solar systems provide local, decentralized control over power

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