The table below gives physical properties for three types of fibers used to rein

Question

The table below gives physical properties for three types of fibers used to reinforce polymer resins to make PMC materials.

MSI = million lb/in2

KSI = thousand lb/in2

Compare these fibers as the reinforcing material in PMC materials. In what types of applications might you chose each of them, keeping in mind stiffness, strength, density and cost factors? A thorough discussion is expected.

FIBER TYPE>>CARBONARAMIDE-GLASS Modulus of Elasticitv- MSI Tensile Strength- KSI Specific Modulus of Elasticity- MSI Specific Tensile Strength- KSI Specific Gravity- g/cc Relative Cost 18 400 12.5 278 1.44 Moderate 10.5 500 580 18.3 322 197 2.54 Low High

Explanation / Answer

1.Aramid is formed from aromatic polyamide
2.Aramid fiber is produced by spinning a solid fiber
from a liquid chemical blend. This causes the polymer
chains to orientate in the direction of the fibre
increasing strength.
3.They are Resistant to organic solvents, but sensitive to Chlorine, Some Acids and Bases.
4.They haveGood resistance to abrasion and cutting
5.Their Tensile Strength is Slightly less than E glass fiber
6.No melting point. Resistant to thermal degradation.Low flammability

7.Aramid fibers have High Strength to Weight Ratio
Kevlar (ARAMID) is Much Stiffer than Glass but Not
as Stiff as Carbon Fiber.
8. Aramid Fibers are Chemically quite Resistant.
Aramid Fibers are Abrasion and Cutting Resistant
( Kevlar is often used as protection against cutting.
   It is used worldwide for bullet proof and armor material.
   Kevlar gloves are often used to protect against sharp
   materials in construction industry)
   9.Aramid is a Star when it comes to Heat Resistance
   10 Aramid lines for boats:(Because of UV degradation aramid
   lines are usually enclosed in a protective covering)

Carbon:
   1. Carbon Fiber is very Rigid
   2. Carbon fiber is Electrically Conductive
   3.Carbon Fiber dust can accumulate in a shop and cause sparks or
   short circuits in electrical appliances and equipment.
   4.Fatigue Resistance is good
   5. Carbon Fiber has good Tensile Strength
   (Tensile strength or ultimate strength, is the maximum stress that
   a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled
    before necking, or failing)
   6. Non Poisonous, Biologically Inert, X-Ray Permeable
    (These quality make Carbon fiber useful in Medical applications.)
   7. Carbon Fiber is Relatively Expensive

E-glass
   1.The most common types of glass fiber used in fiberglass is E-glass,
   which is alumino-borosilicate glass with less than 1% w/w alkali oxides,
   mainly used for glass-reinforced plastics.
   2. High production rates
   3.High strength
   4.High stiffness
   5. Relatively low density
   6. Non-flammable
   7.Resistant to heat
   8.Good chemical resistance
   9. Low cost
   10. Relatively insensitive to moisture
   11.Able to maintain strength properties over
        a wide range of conditions
   12. They have Good electrical insulation

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