1. What is the total volume of water in the ocean if, on a volume basis, sweater
ID: 154331 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What is the total volume of water in the ocean if, on a volume basis, sweater is on average 98.9% water?
2. Is the ocean at steady state with respect to water? Show a calculation to support your answer.
3. Assuming the ocean is at steady state, what is the residence time of water in the ocean?
4. Compute the turnover time of water in the ocean with respect to river input only.
5. Why might oceanographers be more interested in the turnover time of water with respect to rivers that the residence time of water in the ocean?
Edraterrestrial Comets 0.2 to 0.4 Photolysis tollowed by escape of H 8.7 x 10 TMOSPHERE 0,001X 10 km Carred in wind 47,000 Precipitation 119,000 Evaporation 72,000 Precipitation 458,000 Evaporation 505,000 AND ce & SnoW 2.41 10 kn Groundwater 2.34 X 10 km 0.02 x 10 kn OCEAN uno Maxed Layer 0km 2,122 to 4,244 Upweling 1.08 x 1o Lakes Swamp River 1.08 x 10 0.001 x 10 km Ruunof 0.0002 × 107 km Deep Zone 126 10 km 35,000 to 43000 00001 x 1o Porewater buria 0.18 Weatherrn Compaction&/0.18 SEDIMENTARY ROCK Sedments 53x 10 kon Porewater advection 1.5 x 10 km Subduction 103 to 1.83 Degassing 0.51 CRYSTALLINE ROCK 7? 10 kom Degassing via volcanism MANTLE 17 * 10 kmExplanation / Answer
total volume of water in ocean is calculated as follows
1
total volume = 11* 10^7 + 126* 10^7
= 137*10^7 KM^3
= 137 *10^20 M3
2
yes the ocean is steady state
there is evoperation of 505000 of which 458000 is returing back in the form of preciptation
th remining 47000 moves to land is is preciptated back along with evoperation from land
the total water getting back to ocean through runoff from land via ground water and rivers is 4244 + 43000 = 47000
so the total amout water which had left the ocean is recirculated back to ocean in the form of preciptation and runoff .
3
evoperation 505000 m3 (as per data) as evperation day ( its assumed as its unit not mention in data)
so over all the mean residence time of ocean water = (137*10^20) m3 / 505000 m3/day
= 2.71 *10^16 days
= 7.43 * 10 ^13 years
4 turn over considering river input only
total input from river = 43000 m3/day ( assumption as m3/day as its unit not mentioned in data)
= 137*10^20 /43000
= 3.18 * 10 ^17 days
= 8.72 *10^ 14 years
5
oceangraphers are more interested in tirn over time of of oceans through river then its reisdence time because
if river turn over time of ocean increases which in turn incdicates less availablity of fresh water for the use.
less inter change of minerals and other sources from land to ocean and thus impacting ocean life
if river turn over time of ocean decreses which in turn incdicates more availablity of fresh water for the use.
more inter change of minerals and other sources from land to ocean and thus enhancing ocean life.
over all the main consurn with respect to river turn over is check the availablity of fresh water for drinking and other daily use which is majorly met through river
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