Work through the Chapter 14 Running Problem in Silverthorn entitled \"Myocardial
ID: 149757 • Letter: W
Question
Work through the Chapter 14 Running Problem in Silverthorn entitled "Myocardial Infarction. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the medically correct term for a heart attack and what is it caused by? (1 pt) 2. Name two risk factors that might suggest Lisa is at risk for a heart attack. (1 pt) . How do action potentials pass from one myocardial cell to another? (I pt) 4. What happens to transmission of action potentials if there is death of myocardial cells? (1 pt) 5. Why was the doctor glad that Lisa had taken an aspirin? (1 pt) 6 a) What is cardiac troponin? (1 pt) b) Why would elevated levels of cardiac troponin in the blood suggest a heart attack? (I pt) 7. How does administration of nitroglycerine help someone that might be suffering from a myocardial infarction? In your answer, describe the effect on the target cell type and explain HOW this is helpful. (2 pts) 8. How specifically do TPA's help heart attack victims? In your answer, describe the effect on the target cell type and explain HOW this is helpful. (1 pt)Explanation / Answer
Answer 1 : medically correct term for heart attack is myocardial infarction . It is irreversible death of heart muscle by prolonged lack of oxygen supply . it is due to imbalance between oxygen supplyband demandn most often caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in an epicardial coronary artery, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium
Answer 2 : risk factors for Myocardial infarction are hypertension, diabetes , hypercholesterolemia , abdominal obesity , smokin g , sedentary lifestyle , type A personality , hyperhomocystinemia .
Answer 3 : All cardiac muscle cells are electrically linked to one another, by structures known as gap junctions which allow the action potential to pass from one cell to the next.
Answer 4 ; Action potential becomes aberrent and patient lands up with irregular rhythm known as arrythmias
Answer 5 : Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and prevent thrombus formation at plaque rupture site and prevent myocardial ischemia .
Answer 6 : Troponin is a contractile protein that normally is not found in serum; it is released only when myocardial necrosis occur.
Answer 7 : Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle via stimulation of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate production, causing a decrease in blood pressure. Nitrates are useful for preload reduction and symptomatic relief but have no apparent impact on mortality rate in myocardial infarction.
Answer 8 : The main objective of thrombolysis is to restore circulation through a previously occluded vessel by the rapid and complete removal of a pathologic intraluminal thrombus or embolus that has not been dissolved by the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It causes disruption of clot or fibrinolysis by activating tissue plasminogen activator and breakdown the clot .
Answer 9 : normal saline increase extra cellular fluid volume . It doesn't change plasma osmolarity . It incrrainc mean arterial blood pressure .
Answer 10 : Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and prevent clot formation . TPA causes the thrombolysis of clot by activating tissue plasminogen activator .
Answer 11 : there are two types of stroke .The TPA is useful in only ischemic stroke if patient comes in window period of thrombolysis 4.5 . If it is given in hemorrhagic stroke it will again cause furter bleed and patient will deteriorate.
Answer 12 : Beta blocker act on the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors . It will decrease the heart rate .
Answer 13 : left ventricle cardiac output decrease after myocardial infarction.
Answer 14 : the skin will become bluish as the oxygen tension in the blood comes down . As the left ventricle output decreased , due to myocardial failure . The pulmonary capillary wedge prrsspre increase and fluid will accumulate in lung.
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