Why can neutrons last forever inside a nucleus? a)Neutrons cannot decay when the

Question

Why can neutrons last forever inside a nucleus?

a)Neutrons cannot decay when they are surrounded by other baryons
b)Pion exchange changes a neutron into a proton and vice versa.
c)Photon exchange changes a neutron into proton and vice versa
d)Electron exchange changes a neutron into a proton and vice versa.

Which formula is correct for calculating the energy output of a nuclear reaction? The subscripts i and f refer to initial and final, and the sums are over all particles.

Enuc = (mf mi) c2.

Enuc = (mi + mf) c2.

It depends on the reaction.

Enuc = (mi mf) c2.

Enuc = (mf mi) c2.

Enuc = (mi + mf) c2.

It depends on the reaction.

Enuc = (mi mf) c2.

Explanation / Answer

b.Pion exchange changes a neutron into a proton and vice versa.

Because mesons carry both flavor and color charges, it is also possible that both effects are at work simultaneously (after all, gluons do attract each other, so if nucleons are sufficiently closely packed, there might be gluon-gluon attraction between nucleons as well as within nucleons). Mesons carry color-anticolor charges (always of the same color), so they can neatly substitute themselves for the color charge of a baryon's quark. Because they also carry flavor/anti-flavor charges (in this case not necessarily of the same flavor: d and anti- u, for example), they can just as neatly change a baryon's "u" quark into a "d" quark (and hence a proton into a neutron), or vice versa.

Enuc = (mi mf) c2.

in nuclear reaction the mass is converted into enrgy

Energy = initial mass *c - final mass *c

Enuc = (mi mf) c2.

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