0.55 To determine what effect curcumin has on ATP synthase, they measured mitoch
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0.55 To determine what effect curcumin has on ATP synthase, they measured mitochondrial membrane potential magnitude after treating isolated bovine heart mitochondria with increasing amounts of curcumin ("J147") d) According to the graph, what happens as a result of adding curcumin? (4 pts) 0.50 0.45 More protons in the intermembrane space (compared to matrix) than normal 0.40 Fewer protons in the intermembrane space (compared to matrix) than normal 0.35 d) Does curcumin partially increase or partially inhibit ATP synthase activity? (4 pts) E 0.30 Partially increase Partially inhibit Concentration J147 e) What effect would over-expressing Uncoupling Protein in the mitochondria (along with adding J147) have on the magnitude of the membrane potential? (4 pts) Reduces it No effect Increases it g) If you inhibit the function of the respiratory enzyme complexes, what effect would this have on the magnitude of the mitochondrialReduces it membrane potential? (4 pts) No effect Increases it h) The most abundant protein in mitochondria is Ant (adenine nucleotide translocase), which is an ADP/ATP antiporter located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It transports ATP that is created from oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, which direction does the translocase normally move ADP? (2 pts) Into the mitochondria Out of the mitochondria i) How does Ant contribute to the membrane potentia One net negative charge is moved from matrix to cytosol across the inner membrane? (4 pts) It has no effect on the membrane potential One net negative charge is moved from cytosol to matrixExplanation / Answer
Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical derived from the root of turmeric plants. It exhibits strong anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis properties. However, curcumin has no confirmed medical use in spite of efforts to find one via both laboratory and clinical research.
Membrane potential: This is an electrical potential difference between the inside of the cell with the surrounding extracellular fluid. The mitochondrial membrane also exhibits that potential which is known as mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane potential (m) generated by proton pumps, is an essential component in the process of energy generation and storage during oxidative phosphorylation.
d) With the addition of curcumin, the mitochondrial membrane potential increases. That is in intramembranous space proton concentration increases. More proton gradient observed in mitochondria, which helps in generation of more ATP with the help of ATP synthase.
So, More protons in the intermembrane space (compared to the matrix) than normal.
d) Curcumin partially increases ATP synthase activity.
e) With the addition of uncoupling proteins the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases. Even though the curcumin is present in the system. Because the uncoupler makes the free movement of ions from one side of the membrane to other and inhibits the membrane potential develop.
g) Respiratory enzyme complexes are the main player in the development of membrane potential. It expels the mitochondrial protons (H+) into the intermembrane space of mitochondria from the mitochondrial matrix. So, if the respiratory complex is not functional then membrane potential is not generated.
h) The head of ATP synthase lying toward mitochondrial matrix and movement of protons (H+) form intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. That help in ATP synthesis with the help of ATP synthase.
Toward the mitochondrial matrix.
i) Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT: ADP/ATP translocase): exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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