Sarah is a 17-year-old female who was diagnosed with HIV six months ago and is c

Question

Sarah is a 17-year-old female who was diagnosed with HIV six months ago and is currently two months pregnant. Prior to her diagnosis, Sarah admits that she did experienced mild flu like symptoms that passed after about 3 weeks. At this visit, Dr. Patel, wishes to discuss Sarah’s decision to give birth and when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART). Dr. Patel also wants to discuss risk reduction behavior. Sarah admits to not using condoms because “my boyfriend does not like them and because I am already pregnant what’s the use?” She says she is scared to tell her family and her boyfriend that she is pregnant. Dr. Patel tells Sarah that he would encourage her to start ART to protect her baby. Sarah does not want to take the medication and does not understand why she needs it since she is not sick. She further states that since she has no symptoms then that means she is fine and that she cannot pass the virus on to her baby. He gives her a brochure concerning HIV treatment options during pregnancy. Sarah says she does not have time to read it and she is not interested in reading it because she is not sick.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect does this have on antibody and cell-mediated immunity?

How can Dr. Patel explain HIV and its progression so that Sarah will understand?

How can Dr. Patel explain the treatment/prevention/risk reduction regimen for HIV?

What other issues should be considered based on the age of the client, access to services, and support systems?

Based on the case study discussion, what strategies to address health literacy might you include in an action plan for Sarah’s care?

What ethical responsibilities, if any, does Dr. Patel have to Sarah, her boyfriend and her baby?

Explanation / Answer

A multicare approach is the best way for HIV positive pregnant womn to have a normal pregnancy. this approch address medical, psychological, social and personal practices. She may also receive help from social services agency to help her. she also would be receiving lifestyle counseling for herself anf her partner.

A woman who is HIV-positive and chooses to have replacement feedings should be counseled on safety and appropriate use of the formula.

A woman who is HIV positive and chooses to breastfeed her child should be exclusively for 6 months. Thw woman should be advised regarding the risks,preventive measures and early treatments of oral problems, and appropriate time to switch to formula feeding.

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