This paper is about the \"Global epistasis makes adaptation predictable despite

Question

This paper is about the "Global epistasis makes adaptation predictable despite sequence-level stochasticity" and the link for this study is given below:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4314286/

can you please help me these questions because i'm having a hard time understanding the paper:

Answer the following questions:

1) What is the hypothesis of the paper?

2) Is this a correlative or causative study?

3) How do the authors support their hypothesis?

4) Do you believe the author’s data presented in the paper (and any supplements) support their hypothesis. If not, why not?

5) Are there other experiments or experimental modification that should have been performed by the researchers?

6) Does the discussion carefully lay out an argument that supports the hypothesis? If not, what do you believe was missing?

7) Does the statistical analysis strengthen or weaken the conclusions of the paper.

8) What are the conclusions of the paper? Do you agree with the conclusions?

9) Does the author overstate their findings or perhaps not enough?

Explanation / Answer

1) The hypothesis if the paper was, "epistatic interactions between mutations make evolutionary trajectories contingent on the chance occurrence of initial mutations".

2) The study design is correlational.

3) The author's supported the hypothesis by conducting a study on epistatic interactions during evolution of Saccharomyces cerviceae.

4) The author's have presented and analysed their data by performing statistical procedures like ANOVA (analysis of variance).

5) The researchers could have done cohort study to establish the causation.

6) The hypothesis that was tested in the article was, "epistatic interactions between mutations can make evolutionary trajectories contingent on the chance occurrence of initial mutations". The authors had laid out their argument in support of the hypothesis. But, it can be made in a more structured way.

7) The statistical analysis has strengthened the conclusions of the paper.

8) The paper concludes that the fitness evolution follows a predictable trajectory. The conclusion is agreeable.

9) The author's have overstated their findings in this study by making observations on beneficial mutations in addition to the primary objective.

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