PLEASE answer ALL parts of questions 2,3,4, & 5 THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! 2. A) Expli

Question

PLEASE answer ALL parts of questions 2,3,4, & 5
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!

2. A) Explicitly describe the main steps of the fluid response of acute inflammation. (Describe the sequence of events involving fluids that occur in the beginning of the inflammatory response. Do NOT describe the cellular response (that is done in Q5).) B) Explain how the fluid response prepares the injured area for the cellular response 3. A) Define necrosis. B) Name a common cause of necrosis in tissues. C) Differentiate between liquefactive and caseous necrosis. D) What agent makes necrotic tissue gangrenous? 4. A) Define hypoxia. B) What physiological process in the cell does hypoxia impact the most that leads to cellular damage? C) Define ischemia. 5. A) Explicitly describe the main steps of the cellular response of acute inflammation. (Describe the sequence of events involving cells as part of the response. Do NOT describe the fluid response.) B) Define diapedesis. C) Describe how the process of diapedesis functions as part of the body's defense.

Explanation / Answer

ANSWER 2
A)Follwing are the steps depicting fluid response in case of acute inflammation.

Finally a condition called edema, that is swelling reddening of the area is seen. This happens due to additional fluid accumulation.

B) The basic purpose of the fluid response is to prepare the affected area for the cellular response. This is acheieved by increasing the blood flow and increasing the concentration of the mancrophages and leukocytes and other factors to the affected area.

ANSWER 2)
A) Necrosis is the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.

B) Any factor which is not natural and unprogrammed and has been coming externally to the cell like any toxin or infection is the main cause of necrosis.

C)

Occurs due to lots of neutrophils around releasing their toxic contents, “liquefying” the tissue

D) When a necrtoic tissue does not receives adequate blood supply or oxygen supply, it turns into a complete permanent death of the tissue called gangrene. If the gangrene is just caused by lack of blood supply its called dry gangrene, and when its affected by a pathogen infection, it is called a wet gangrene,

ANSWER 4)
A) The defeciency in oxygen reaching any tissue leads to a condition called hypoxia.

B) Hypoxia or oxygen defeciency affects the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation  which occurs in the mitochondra of the cell. This process is necessary for the production of ATP inside the cells. In the absence of ATP, the internal machinery of the cell comes to a halt, leading to swelling of the cell and internal organelles as water comes in due to non working of the Sodium Potassium pump.

C) The inadequate blood supply to the heart muscles of the body causes a condition ischemia.

ANSWER 5)
The steps of the cellular phase of inflamation response are

B) Diapedesis is an important part of the cellular phase of acute inflammation which involves the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries.

C) During diapedesis, the white blood cells migrate across the endothelium of the blood vessels and become a part of the interstitial fluid.Thus apart from fighting with any infectious pathogen that in presenet in the interstital fluid, it also creates a barrier which can preven the rest of the body from getting infected. Thus,plays an important part in the body's defense.

LIQUEFACTIVE CASEOUS Generally occurs in brain infections Occurs in infections like tuberclosis

Occurs due to lots of neutrophils around releasing their toxic contents, “liquefying” the tissue

Occurs due to the body trying to wall off and kill the bug with macrophages Appearance of liquidy and creamy yellow (pus) material Resembles cheese looking, white soft caseous material Left with  lots of neutrophils and cell debris fragmented cells and debris surrounded by a collar of lymphocytes and macrophages remains.

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