29 Which of the following descriptions best fits nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous b

Question

29 Which of the following descriptions best fits nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 30. Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is composed of three pairs of subunits, two heavy hat chains, and two pairs of two different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin contains w level(s) of protein structure? A) primary B) primary and secondary C) primary, secondary, and tertiary D) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary 31. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly. 8) Unsaturated fatty acids have higher cholesterol content, thus more cholesterol in their membranes C) Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids D) The double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and thinner membranes. 32. The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between A) nucleotide and nucleic acid C) phospholipid and plasma membrarne B) triglycerides and steroids D) glycogen and glucose 33. Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi? A) chitin C) amylopectin B) cellulose D) amylose 34. Which is larger? A) Prokaryotic cell B) Eukaryotic cell

Explanation / Answer

29. the answer is C. Nucleotides are molecules that consist of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. They are the monomer unit of nucleic acids. With all the three components joined together they are also termed as nucleoside monophosphate. The nitrogenous base could be purines or pyrimidines and the base could be ribose or deoxyribose.

30. Answer is D. The primary structure of the protein is simply the chain of amino acids joined together. secondary structure is the coiling or folding of polypeptide chains which provides 3-D arrangement to the proteins. The secondary structure is mainly formed by the interaction between the atoms in the backbone. Tertiary structure is the 3-D folding of the polypeptide. Quaternary structure is formed when multiple polypeptide chains interact with each other.

31. Answer is A. Fatty acids makes the phospholipid tails. saturated fatty acids contain chains of the carbon atom joined by a single bond. Unsaturated fatty acids contain carbon chains having double bonds between them. Due to the presence of single bonds the saturated fatty acids pack tightly while unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in the chains due to the presence of double bonds which does not allow them to pack tightly. These kinks play an important role in maintaining the fluidity of the membranes. Kinks increase the space between the phospholipid membranes and prevent the freezing of the membrane at a higher temperature.

32. Answer is A. amino acid is the monomer unit of polypeptide similarly nucleotide is the monomer unit of nucleic acids.

33. Answer is A. Chitin is the main structural component of many arthropods and fungi. It is a homopolymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine which is a derivative of glucose.

34. Answer is B. Eukaryotic cells are significantly larger than prokaryotic cells. prokaryotic cells size range from 0.1-0.5um while eukaryotic cells range from 10-100um. The small size of the prokaryotes is advantageous for them as they allow ions and other important molecules to enter and spread across the cell rapidly. However, eukaryotic cells have specialized adaptation to facilitates the cellular transport.  

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