electronegative atoms. of hydrophobic molecules for each other hydrophobic and h
ID: 142198 • Letter: E
Question
electronegative atoms. of hydrophobic molecules for each other hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups to fold spontaneously in aqueous solution so f. Oil droplets in water coalesce to form a separate phase because of the strong attraction g. Hydrophobic interactions will cause a flexible polymer molecule that carries both h. Because of intermolecular H-bonding, water has a higher heat of vaporization than i. Glucose phosphate combines with aromatic bases to form nucleotides, the monomer j. Most biological polymers are thermodynamically stable that the hydrophobic groups are inside and the hydrophilic groups are outside. most other liquids. units of nucleic acids 1.2 a. The selection of raw materials for biological systems in the course of evolution was determined byand b. More than 99% by weight of living matter is made up of the four elements- , and c. These four elements are also the atoms that can attain stable electronic configurations by accepting, respectively, and d. Consequently, they form more covalent bonds than any other atoms with e. The less stable covalent bonds formed by f. Transfer of electrons from other molecules to provides most of the energy a. The monatomic ions in organisms may well have been selected primarily on the basis b. The trace elements and are well suited for roles in electron-transfer c. The three most important types of noncovalent interactions in biological systems are d. The weak, short-range attractions between nonpolar groups are called e. The unique properties of water are due to the and electrons to form covalent bonds. these valence electronic configurations. contain these atoms for roles as energy carriers available to nonphotosynthetic organisms of their processes, because they can exist as stable ions in either of two oxidation states. and suit molecules that 1.3 and bonds. ability of the H2O molecule. and heat of- from _different small-molecule precursors. f. Compared to other liquids, water has unusually high heat , heat of 1.4 a. Almost all of the innumerable kinds of molecules found in organisms are built up b The four classes of basic precursor molecules in all organisms are and Nucleic acids are polymes of qucluokuuo d. Biopolymers are unstable, but stable. e. Larger aggregates, composed of noncovalently associated macromolecules, tend to be stableExplanation / Answer
a. Natural selection and adaptations
Natural selection actually selects individuals best adapted to their environments that are more likely to survive and reproduce.The adaptation is a process of evolution in which traits are modified by natural selection
B.carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) – make up about 99% of the human body.
Carbon has 4 valency and it can accept 4 electrons to form stable covalent bonds. The valency of oxygen is 2 as its electronic configuration is 2,6 and it needs 2 electrons to complete their octet. Hydrogen has only one electron, so that electron is a valence electron. Thus it requires only 1 electron to become stable. Nitrogen has 5 electrons in its n=2 (outer) shell. Hence it requires only 3 electrons to complete its octet.
Thus hydrogen forms 1 bond, oxygen forms 2 bonds, nitrogen forms 3 bonds and carbon forms 4 bonds.
d.More number of
e.Energy carrier i.e ATP is made up of P,N,O,C,H. Out of these the size of a phosphorus atom interferes with its ability to form double bonds to other elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
f.transfer of electrons to other molecules to .......oxygen.. provide most of the energy in non phoosynthetic organisms in the form of ATP.
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