11. Cytochrome C is a protein that is essential for the electron transport chain
ID: 140737 • Letter: 1
Question
11. Cytochrome C is a protein that is essential for the electron transport chain and ATP (energy) synthesis in cytochrome mitochondria. The table below shows the number of amino acids that are different than the human C protein for six different animals. Number of Amino Acid to Human Cytochrome C 14 Number of Amino Acid Animal Differences Compared Animal Differences Compared to Human Cytochrome C Monkey Turtle Horse Tuna Frog 14 Shark Based on the Cytochrome C data above, which organism is most closely related to humans? (2 points) a. Do any of the organisms have the same number of differences from human Cytochrome C? In situations like this, how would you decide which is more closely related to humans? (4 p b. oints) Page 3 of 4Explanation / Answer
Ans a) Based on the cytochrome c, the animal which is most closely related to humans is Monkey. It is because of the fact that the difference between the amino acid in cytochrome c between monkey and human is only 1. On making a comparison, there are more number of amino acids which are different in cytochrome c in humans and other animals in question. Due to the least number of difference in amino acid composition in monkey and human, it has closest relation.
Ans b) On analyzing the data, there is no organisms that has same number of difference from human cytochrome C. The more closely related species to the humans can be detected by comparing the DNA and the genome of the organisms with that of human. There is line of evidence which can also be compared and checked for. In such situations, we can analyze the organism closest to human by comparing certain aspects like anatomical structures, evolutionary tree and also comparing the human genes using other proteins.
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