QUESTION 10 Which of the following are the main structures that aid in water and

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QUESTION 10 Which of the following are the main structures that aid in water and ion balance in terrestrial vertebrates? Proprioceptors Nephrons O Nasal turbinates Jacobson's organs QUESTION 11 Which of the following is the most basal group along the transition to tetrapods? O Porolepiformes Tiktaalik O Osteolepiformes O Elpistostegids QUESTION 12 Tiktaalik is considered a transitional form between "fish" and "tetrapods and contains both ancestral and derived traits. Which of the following is an ancestral trait retained in Tiktaalik? Poorly ossified vertebrae O Large overlapping ribs Bony operculum O Bendable pectoral fin

Explanation / Answer

Q10: Nephrons are cellular structures that together form Kidneys, which filter blood and maintain homeostasis.

Q10 and 11, Tiktaalik is the transition group and Tiktaalik roseae is the species discovered (by fossil record). It has some features of fishes and some of birds hence showing the transitional phase in the course of evolution. The fin is suggested to have joints like tetrapods, but they are Fins, which is a remenant of fish ancestry. Hence Bendable pectoral fins is the answer. It lacks operculum. But the vertebrae is poorly ossified, like in fishes.

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