What are the functions of ribosomes, mRNA, rRNA and tRNA during translation? Wha

Question

What are the functions of ribosomes, mRNA, rRNA and tRNA during translation? What is the relation between mRNA and genetic code? Why there are only 20 aminoacids but 60 trinucleotides on mRNA? What are the subunits of ribosomes in bacteria and human cells? What is the function of a smaller subunit and large subunits of ribosomes? Wat are the role of A site, P site and E site on ribosomes On which site the first aminoacid enters the ribosome? What are the roles for Release factors and Elongation factors during translation? How does following antibiotics works with a cell: Tetracycline Chloramphenicol . .

Explanation / Answer

1.

Function of ribosomes during translation (protein synthesis) : Ribosomes are known as protein factory because they help to synthesis protein by using mRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA, ATP and peptidyl transferase enzymes.

Function of mRNA during translation : mRNA (messenger RNA) carriers genetic code or codon. The codons carry the information about the amino acid sequence on polypeptide chain.

Function of rRNA : rRNA (ribosomal RNA) helps to build up ribosome hence they are known as ribosomal RNA.

Function of tRNA : tRNA or transfer RNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome according to the codon on mRNA. tRNA carries anti - codon (nodoc).

2.

mRNA carries numerous ribonucleotides according to its length. On mRNA three consecutive bases denotes a particular amino acid, these three consecutive nucleotides are known as a codon.

There are 3 nucleotides in a codon but number of nucleotide is 4 (A, U, G, C). So, the combination of nucleotide in codon is 43 = 4 X 4 X 4 = 64. For this reason the number of trinucleotide is higher than the number of amino acids.

3.

In bacteria the smaller subunit of ribosome is 30S and the larger subunit of ribosome is 50S. In human cell the smaller subunit of ribosome is 40S and the larger subunit of ribosome is 60S.

4.

The smaller subunit of ribosomes can read the mRNA sequence and the larger sequence can join the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

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