1. The central dogma describes how the genes in the nucleus work to produce an o
ID: 133683 • Letter: 1
Question
1. The central dogma describes how the genes in the nucleus work to produce an organism's phenotype. Another way of putting it is that the central dogma follows the flow of information from _____.
d) RNA to ribosomes
2. DNA carries out two basic functions in cells: (1) information storage and transfer (genes can be copied and passed to offspring) and (2) the "blueprint" function (genes provide instructions for building proteins). The key process for information storage and transfer to offspring cells is _____.
3. A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long?
d) 4
4. tRNA molecules work to _____.
e) none of the above
5. A particular gene does NOT constantly churn out the same protein at all times in every cell. This is true for two reasons. First, _____ can allow one gene to produce several different proteins. Second, genes are constantly being turned on and off through the process of _____.
a) protein to DNA b) protein to RNA c) DNA to proteind) RNA to ribosomes
2. DNA carries out two basic functions in cells: (1) information storage and transfer (genes can be copied and passed to offspring) and (2) the "blueprint" function (genes provide instructions for building proteins). The key process for information storage and transfer to offspring cells is _____.
a) DNA replication b) transcription c) translation d) mRNA processing3. A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long?
a) 100 b) 300 c) 20d) 4
4. tRNA molecules work to _____.
a) transcribe DNA to mRNA b) translate DNA to produce a specific amino acid sequence c) transcribe the amino acid sequence to DNA d) translate mRNA to produce a specific amino acid sequencee) none of the above
5. A particular gene does NOT constantly churn out the same protein at all times in every cell. This is true for two reasons. First, _____ can allow one gene to produce several different proteins. Second, genes are constantly being turned on and off through the process of _____.
a) translation ... reverse transcription b) reverse transcription ... mRNA processing c) mRNA processing ... gene regulation d) mRNA processing ... transcriptionExplanation / Answer
1) The correct option is c. DNA to protein.
The central dogma explains both processes transcription and translation, by which the information flows into proteins: DNA ? RNA ? protein.
2) The correct option is a. DNA replication.
The process of DNA replication produces two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. It occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance.
3) The correct option is b.300.
The part of the genome, which codes for a protein or an RNA is known as gene and these genes are code for proteins, which consist three nucleotide units known as codons and it codes for a single amino acid.
Then, the number of nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long = 100 x 3 = 300.
4) The correct option is d. translate mRNA to produce a specific amino acid sequence.
tRNA are responsible for matching amino acids with the suitable codons in mRNA. Each tRNA consists two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to the matching mRNA codon.
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