1. The biggest single risk factor for cancer is a. age b. environmental mutagens

Question

1. The biggest single risk factor for cancer is

a. age

b. environmental mutagens and carcinogens

c. sunlight

d. tobacco

e. all of the above are about equal.

2. True or False: Cancer occurs more frequently in epithelial tissues than in connective tissues

3. True or False: Many different cancers often have mutations in the same

4. Senescent cells

a. Are normally smaller than ordinary cells

b. Are metabolically inactive

c. Are removed from the cell cycle

d. Are known to prevent cancers from arising

e. All of the above

5. The most common mutation in cancer is a mutation to the gene named _____

6. The protein ubiquitin is attached to other proteins by ubiquitin ligase in order to______________________________________________________________.

7. Some RNA viruses are able to insert their genomes into host (human) cells by use of the enzyme ____________________________________________

8. Many scientists believe that telomere attrition is an anti-cancer mechanism used by the body to ________________ cell ____________________.

Explanation / Answer

1. d. tobacco

Avoiding tobacco is a major factor to reduce the risk of cancer.

2. True

Around 85 % of the cancers are carcinomas which originate from epithelial tissues whereas sarcomas originate from connective tissues.

3. True

Mutation in BRAC2 gene can cause breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, male breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer.

4. e. All of the above

5. p53 or Tumour protein 53

p53 is a tumour suppressor protein. Mutation in p53 protein will increase risk of being prone to various types of cancers.

6. to be degraded by proteosome

7. integrase

Enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to generate DNA sequence from the RNA genome of retroviruses but enzyme integrase will integrate their DNA genome sequence into DNA genome of the host.

8. promote cell senescence

Shortening of telomere with aging or successive cell cycle in somatic cells will promote cell senescence and prevent cancer development in aged cells.

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