If a conductor of arbitrary shape is placed in a static electric filed and the c

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If a conductor of arbitrary shape is placed in a static electric filed and the charges in the conductor are no longer moving, what can you say about the direction of the electric field near the outside surface of that conductor? The electric field will be perpendicular to the surface of the conductor because a component of the field parallel to the surface will produce a tangential force and the charges will no longer be stationary. The electric field will be parallel to the surface of the conductor because free charges in the conductor accumulate on the ends of the conductor and parallel force will move them there. The electric field will be zero because electric field near conductors is always zero. The electric field will be at arbitrary angle to the surface of the conductor which depends on on the shape of the conductor because free charges inside of the conductor that oppose the external filed are distributed differently for different shapes.

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