1. Answer the following questions from Chapter 4 (3 paragraphs). Compose your pa
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Question
1. Answer the following questions from Chapter 4 (3 paragraphs). Compose your paper in MS Word. o Describe patient-centered care using an example from your workplace or the news. o Explain which one of the three models of the patient-team relationship shown in Table 4-1 describes your patient-centered example and why.
2- Answer the following questions from Chapter 5 (2 paragraphs).
To what extent do you agree that administrators should play a prominent role in clinical healthcare delivery teams while clinicians should play a prominent role in healthcare administration teams? Why or why not?
Table 4-1. Models of the patient-team relationship Model Feature of the Model Patient selects model? Decision maker Paternalism-by-Permission Yes Healthcare professional Partnership Yes Both the patient (or a surrogate) and the Patient-in-Charge Yes Patient (or, rarely, a surrogate) (or the professionals in the team) healthcare professional (or professionals in the team) decide jointly Source of information about the patient's values and goals Patient (or a surrogate, Patient (or a surrogate, usually a family Patient (or a surrogate, usually usually a family member) member) a family member) Source of healthcare information Healthcare professional Usually the healthcare professional (about disease, options for diagnosis, options for treatment, prognosis) (or professionals in the team), but sometimes both the patient and healthcare professionals Often both the patient and the healthcare professional (or professionals in the team) (or professionals in the team) Weighing of options Healthcare professional (or Both the patient and the healthcare professionals in the team) professional (or professionals in the team) Patient, but often including the healthcare professional (or professionals in the team) Does the patient have a veto? Yes Yes Yes Does the healthcare professionalYes Yes Yes (or team) have a veto?Explanation / Answer
1. Answer the following questions from Chapter 4 (3 paragraphs). Compose your paper in MS Word.
Describe patient-centered care using an example from your workplace or the news. Explain which one of the three models of the patient-team relationship shown in Table 4-1 describes your patient-centered example and why.
[for easy understanding this answer is split into 5 paragraphs]
Patient-centered care is the care provided to patients considering them as equal partners in care while planning, implementing and monitoring care for them to ensure that their health needs are met. In this approach, patients’ can take their healthcare decisions, participate in their own care along with other healthcare workers for better outcomes.
One good example of this approach is the effective partnership of a patient with diabetes mellitus when he was admitted to a hospital. In order to provide high quality of patient care and improve his outcome, the patient was educated regarding his disease process – how and why it occurs, the importance of optimal blood sugar level, the treatment options – lifestyle modifications (like dietary management, physical activity or exercise, stress reduction, etc.), anti-diabetic medication therapy, Insulin therapy, the complications associated with diabetes mellitus and high blood sugar level, etc. As a result, his understanding of the disease process brought his anxiety and stress levels to a low state. He participated in his own care. He was more satisfied with the care. His self-compliance to medication therapy and lifestyle changes has also been increased.
Thus health educating the patient and involving him in the care process have bought better outcome and increased patient satisfaction.
The above-mentioned scenario shows a good example of ‘the partnership model’. This is because, in this approach, both the patient and the healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, etc.) involve actively and participate in the care process and they all together decide on the care required.
In this model, the patient provides the health staff with history, the expected health status to be achieved etc. (sources of information about patient’s goals). The weightage of options is equally distributed between the patient and the health professionals. That is, the health staff list out the treatment choices (lifestyle therapy, drug therapy, etc.) and explain their outcome (potential benefits vs. risks and complications) and provide them with the best possible option to choose for achieving optimal health status (sources of information about the disease, diagnosis, treatment options). The patient, with all these information, then choose treatment option(s) in his own interest. Here both the patient and the healthcare team have a veto meaning that the patient can refuse the treatment at any stage if he is not satisfied with the care given.
2- Answer the following questions from Chapter 5 (2 paragraphs).
To what extent do you agree that administrators should play a prominent role in clinical healthcare delivery teams while clinicians should play a prominent role in healthcare administration teams? Why or why not?
The key role of administrators in clinical healthcare delivery teams:
I completely agree that administrators play a major role in clinical healthcare delivery systems. This is because for effective delivery of healthcare system a good administrator must continuously access and monitor the environmental factors (policy structures, insurance systems, the market structure - whether the market is regulatory or competitive, the availability of research options, etc.). Additionally, the organization’s infrastructure and resources (the availability of equipment, health workers, etc.) should also be kept into account. Moreover, the role of frontline care providers like doctors, nurses, family members also be constantly monitored to ensure high quality of patient care. These are the functions of a healthcare administrator and hence they play a significant role in healthcare delivery systems.
The principal role of clinicians in healthcare administration teams:
I do not entirely agree that clinicians have a major role in the administration of teams (they are partly accountable only). Team administration actually means managing manpower to use them effectively for good patient outcome. A clinician can guide team members for a smooth functioning of teams and make them provide safe and patient-centered care. However, there are many newly emerging role structures (one of them is Clinical Nurse Leadership (CNL), who perform these functions. For example, during a shortage of staff, the department in-charge and the administrator should be held responsible and not the clinician. Moreover, clinicians may be completely occupied with managing patients and they rarely have time to spend on these administrative tasks. However, they play a major role in improving quality of care by administrating health professionals like identifying the root cause of a medication error or a fall event and implement necessary protocols. Thus, together with administrators and nurse managers, clinicians have part of the administrative role functions and thus they are partly responsible for administering teams for delivering utmost patient care.
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