1. Animals oxidize carbohydrate and can use fragments of extra carbohydrate such
ID: 589499 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Animals oxidize carbohydrate and can use fragments of extra carbohydrate such as acetyl CoA to form lipids. Animals can oxidize lipids and use the energy for metabolic processes but are incapable of forming carbohydrate from lipids. Plants can form carbohydrate from lipids and from fragments such as acetyl-CoA by which of the following mechanisms: a. The TCA cycle b. Anaerobic glycolysis c. The glyoxylate cycle d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase e. Aerobic glycolysis 2. The reduced coenzymes of the TCA cycle, such as FADH2 and NADH, must pass their electrons into the electron transport chain to produce ATP, but one step of the TCA cycle yields a compound with high transfer potential that can provide energy for phosphorylation of ADP at the substrate level. What is this high-energy compou nd? a. Citric acid b. Isocitric acid c. Fumaric acid d. Succinyl CoA e. Succinic acid 3. When we describe the TCA cycle as amphibolic, we mean that it: a. Is capable of both synthetic and degradative reactions b. Is capable of every kind of reaction imaginable c. Amplifies substrates so that large, rolling molecules are produced d. Can carry out anabolic reactions e. Can carry out catabolic reactions 4. The first step of the citric acid cycle is usually considered to be formation of citrate. Prior to that step, however, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl-Coenzyme A in a reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Among the coenzymes needed for pyruvate dehydrogenase is thiamine pyrophosphate, also known as vitamin B1. Lack of this vitamin leads to beri-beri, a debilitating disease often suffered by prisoners of war. Which other enzyme system in the citric acid cycle also has a requirement for thiamine pyrophosphate? a. Citrate synthase b. Citrate isomerase c. Isocitrate oxidoreductase d. -Ketoglutarate oxidoreductase e. Malate oxidoreductaseExplanation / Answer
1. a) TCA cycle or krebs cycle.... in this cycleplants can form carbohydrates from lipids and acetyl coenzym A
2) d) succinyl coenzyme A .... it converts ADP to ATP
3) d and e .......as amphibolic means it can carry out both catabolic and anabolic reactions.
4) d .....alpha ketoglutartae oxidoreductase.....
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