A catabolic pathway would predictably result in the A) reduction of a sugar. B)
ID: 11641 • Letter: A
Question
A catabolic pathway would predictably result in theA) reduction of a sugar.
B) synthesis of a macromolecule.
C) breakdown of a macromolecule.
D) breakdown of an atom.
2.
The drug Ritonavir is used to treat people with HIV/AIDS. It works by binding to the active site of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used by the AIDS virus to create new proteins for production of new viruses.Once bound, the HIV-1 protease cannot produce proteins. Ritonavir can be classified as a(n)
A) competitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) activator.
D) non-competitive inhibitor.
3.
During cellular respiration, __________ is the final electron acceptor that allows the regeneration of the cell’s supply of NAD+. In fermentation, ____________ is the final electron acceptor for NAD+ regeneration.
A) pyruvate / lactic acid
B) pyruvate / oxygen
C) ethanol / CO2
D) oxygen / pyruvate
4.
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
B) the presence or absence of ribosomes
C) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
D) whether or not the cell contains DNA
5.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis. When cellular concentrations of ATP and citrate become __________, this enzyme’s activity decreases. When cellular concentrations of AMP become ________, the enzyme is activated.
A) high / high
B) high / low
C) low / high
D) low / low
6.
______________ is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in the hydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy to produce ________.
A) ATP synthase/ ATP
B) PFK/ ATP
C) PFK/ glucose
D) ATP synthase/ ADP
7.
ATP is able to do cellular work because it
A) has a high energy phosphate bond that can be hydrolyzed to release energy.
B) converts light energy into chemical bond energy.
C) contains the sugar ribose, which can provide additional energy for a cell.
D) its hydrolysis is endergonic.
8.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
A) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.
C) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
D) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
9.
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their ___________compared to an unexposed person.
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
10.
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
A) The function of fermentation is to regenerate the fermenting cells' supply of NAD+.
B) Fermentation allows a fermenting cell to gain more energy per glucose molecule than a non-fermenting cell.
C) Fermentation produces either lactic acid or ethanol that the fermenting cell can use as an energy source.
D) Fermentation is a universal process that occurs in all cells and all organisms.
11.
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?
A) It was lost as heat.
B) It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules released by these processes.
C) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
D) It is stored in NADH and FADH2
12.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that
A) entropy tends to increase in a system.
B) entropy tends to decrease in a system.
C) energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
D) the quality of energy in the universe is decreasing.
13.
The endosymbiotic theory states that _______________ evolved as a result of a symbiotic relationship between different types of bacteria. _____________ is thought to be the selective factor that made this symbiosis advantageous.
A) mitochondria / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic
B) endoplasmic reticulum / A decrease in the amount of food available in the environment
C) chloroplasts / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from aerobic to anaerobic
D) lysosomes / A decrease in the amount of food available in the environment
14.
A mutation in a fruit fly affects one of the proteins that pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane; this mutation makes that particular protein function less efficiently. When comparing aerobic cellular respiration in this fly with a wild-type fly, you would predict that the mutant fly would
A) produce less ATP than a wild-type fly.
B) show no difference in ATP production when compared to a wild-type fly.
C) produce more ATP than a wild-type fly.
D) not be able to produce any ATP via aerobic cellular respiration.
15.
Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell have unique _________________ that are recognized by signal recognition particles and thus moved to the _________________ during translation.
A) phosphofructokinases / nucleus
B) codons / rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) signal recognition sequences / rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) signal recognition sequences / free ribosomes
16.
During the Krebs cycle
A) NADH is oxidized.
B) ATP is produced.
C) pyruvate is produced.
D) Acetly CoA gains a carbon to form pyruvate.
17.
Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
B) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
C) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide.
18.
In a chemical reaction, if ?G is negative, it means that the reaction is
A) exergonic, and work needs to be done for the reaction to proceed.
B) exergonic, and work can be done with energy released from the reaction.
C) endergonic, and work needs to be done in order for the reaction to proceed.
D) endergonic, and work can be done with energy released from the reaction.
19.
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) ___________ reaction.
A) ADP + P --> ATP
B) endergonic.
C) exergonic.
D) anabolic
20.
Glycolysis
A) involves catabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
B) involves anabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
C) involves catabolic reactions and creates energy.
D) involves anabolic reactions and creates energy.
Explanation / Answer
A catabolic pathway would predictably result in the
A) reduction of a sugar.
B) synthesis of a macromolecule.
C) breakdown of a macromolecule.
D) breakdown of an atom.
2.
The drug Ritonavir is used to treat people with HIV/AIDS. It works by binding to the active site of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used by the AIDS virus to create new proteins for production of new viruses.Once bound, the HIV-1 protease cannot produce proteins. Ritonavir can be classified as a(n)
A) competitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) activator.
D) non-competitive inhibitor.
3.
During cellular respiration, __________ is the final electron acceptor that allows the regeneration of the cell’s supply of NAD+. In fermentation, ____________ is the final electron acceptor for NAD+ regeneration.
A) pyruvate / lactic acid
B) pyruvate / oxygen
C) ethanol / CO2
D) oxygen / pyruvate
4.
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
B) the presence or absence of ribosomes
C) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
D) whether or not the cell contains DNA
5.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis. When cellular concentrations of ATP and citrate become __________, this enzyme’s activity decreases. When cellular concentrations of AMP become ________, the enzyme is activated.
A) high / high
B) high / low
C) low / high
D) low / low
6.
______________ is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in the hydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy to produce ________.
A) ATP synthase/ ATP
B) PFK/ ATP
C) PFK/ glucose
D) ATP synthase/ ADP
7.
ATP is able to do cellular work because it
A) has a high energy phosphate bond that can be hydrolyzed to release energy.
B) converts light energy into chemical bond energy.
C) contains the sugar ribose, which can provide additional energy for a cell.
D) its hydrolysis is endergonic.
8.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
A) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.
C) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
D) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
9.
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their ___________compared to an unexposed person.
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
10.
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
A) The function of fermentation is to regenerate the fermenting cells' supply of NAD+.
B) Fermentation allows a fermenting cell to gain more energy per glucose molecule than a non-fermenting cell.
C) Fermentation produces either lactic acid or ethanol that the fermenting cell can use as an energy source.
D) Fermentation is a universal process that occurs in all cells and all organisms.
11.
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?
A) It was lost as heat.
B) It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules released by these processes.
C) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
D) It is stored in NADH and FADH2
12.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that
A) entropy tends to increase in a system.
B) entropy tends to decrease in a system.
C) energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
D) the quality of energy in the universe is decreasing.
13.
The endosymbiotic theory states that _______________ evolved as a result of a symbiotic relationship between different types of bacteria. _____________ is thought to be the selective factor that made this symbiosis advantageous.
A) mitochondria / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic
B) endoplasmic reticulum / A decrease in the amount of food available in the environment
C) chloroplasts / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from aerobic to anaerobic
D) lysosomes / A decrease in the amount of food available in the environment
14.
A mutation in a fruit fly affects one of the proteins that pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane; this mutation makes that particular protein function less efficiently. When comparing aerobic cellular respiration in this fly with a wild-type fly, you would predict that the mutant fly would
A) produce less ATP than a wild-type fly.
B) show no difference in ATP production when compared to a wild-type fly.
C) produce more ATP than a wild-type fly.
D) not be able to produce any ATP via aerobic cellular respiration.
15.
Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell have unique _________________ that are recognized by signal recognition particles and thus moved to the _________________ during translation.
A) phosphofructokinases / nucleus
B) codons / rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) signal recognition sequences / rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) signal recognition sequences / free ribosomes
16.
During the Krebs cycle
A) NADH is oxidized.
B) ATP is produced.
C) pyruvate is produced.
D) Acetly CoA gains a carbon to form pyruvate.
17.
Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
B) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
C) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide.
18.
In a chemical reaction, if ?G is negative, it means that the reaction is
A) exergonic, and work needs to be done for the reaction to proceed.
B) exergonic, and work can be done with energy released from the reaction.
C) endergonic, and work needs to be done in order for the reaction to proceed.
D) endergonic, and work can be done with energy released from the reaction.
19.
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) ___________ reaction.
A) ADP + P --> ATP
B) endergonic.
C) exergonic.
D) anabolic
20.
Glycolysis
A) involves catabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
B) involves anabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
C) involves catabolic reactions and creates energy.
D) involves anabolic reactions and creates energy.
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